W5 - Bone Structure & Function Flashcards
What is the function of bone?
Structural function
Mobility
Support
Protect protection for the body
Store house for essential minerals
What is the end of a long bone called?
Epiphysis
What is next to the epiphysis of a long bone
Metaphysis
What is the middle of a bone called
Diaphysis
What type of bone is the diaphysis made from
Compact bone
What type of bone is the metaphysis & epiphysis made up of
Spongy (cortical) bone
What protects the outside of a bone
Periosteum
What sits within the diaphysis
Nutrient artery in the nutrient foramen & medullary cavity
What is the matrix made up of?
Colleges fibres & ground substances
What percentage of a bone is compact bone?
80%
What percentage of a bone is spongy bone?
20%
What does compact bone have that surrounds the orientated blood vessels?
Concentric rings (lamellae) of calcified matrix
How does spongy bone give strength and resist stress without breaking?
It’s well organised along the lines of stress
What is on the surface of the trabeculae of a spongy bone
Osteocytes in lacunae
What are the four cell types of a bone?
Osteogenic - stem cells
Osteoblast - build matrix and collagen fibres but can’t divide
Osteocytes - mature cells that stay within the matrix
Osteoclasts - multinucleated clear bone cells that secrete acid and enzymes to dissolve bone matrix
Name the four arteries that supply a bone
Periosteal artery - periosteum and outer osteons of compact bone
Nutrient artery - medullary cavity and osteons of inner compact bone
Metaphyseal artery -spongy bone and marrow in this area
Epiphyseal artery - spongy bone and marrow in this area
