W11 - Kidneys & Digestive System Flashcards
What 4 things make up the urinary system
Kidneys
Urethra
Uretra
Urinary bladder
What are the 3 main functions of the urinary system
Excretion
Elimination
Homestatic regulation
Describe the structure of the kidneys
2 located posteriorly T12 - L3
Suprarrenal gland located at the apex of the kidneys
Hung by collagen fibres
What’s the cross section of the kidneys
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Describe the renal cortex
Located on the outer
renal columns are inbetween the renal pyramids
Contains glomemli
Ultrafiltration occurs
Describe the renal medulla
Inner
6 - 12 renal pyramids where the tips project into the renal sinus at the renal papilla
Renal pyramids are separated by cortical columns of the cortex
What’s the function of the kidneys
Acid balance
Water balance
Erthropoiesis
Toxin removal
Blood balance
Electrolyte regulation
Vitamin D regulation
Name 7 kidney diseases
Nephritis
Nephrosis
Cancer
Vascular disorder
Congenital disorder
Acute renal failure
Chronic renal failure
What does the stomach receive food from the oesophagus in forms of
Bolus
What’s chyme
Ingested food + stomach acid
Where’s the stomach located
T7 - L3
4 functions of the stomach
Stores ingested food
Mechanical breakdown of food
Absorption of chemical bonds
Production of intrinsic factors
Name the 4 regions of the stomach
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylonis
Name the 3 segments of the small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Role of the small intestine
Chemical digestion due to the help from the liver which produces bile and the pancreas which produces enzymes
3 main functions of the large intestines
Reabsorption of water into faeces
Absorbs vitamins released by bacteria
Stores faeces
Name the 3 parts of the large intestine
Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Name the 4 lobes of the liver
Right
Left
Caudate
Quadrate
Name the 3 functions of the liver
Metabolic regulation
Haematological regulation
Bile production
What does the liver do
Secretes bile into the duodenum via the bile duct
Describe the gall bladder
Hallow, pear shaped
Stores & secretes bile
Located under the right lobe of the liver
