W2 - Inflammation Flashcards
Name the 3 lines of defences in the body
- Skin ( epidermis & water proof) and mucous membrane (traps bacteria and pathogens)
- Inflammation ( non specific, natural, rapid response)
- Immunity (specific, acquired immunity, slow response)
Define inflammation
A non-specific response to protect tissue damage, disease or injury by attempting to destroy, dilute or wall off both injurious agents and injured tissues.
Name the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Warmth
Loss of function
What is the purpose of inflammation
To prevent minor infections and prepare any damaged tissue for repair
List five factors that cause inflammation
Injury or trauma
Infection
Infarction
Immune reactions
Nutrient deprivation
List the 4 mechanisms of inflammation
- Vascular response
- Cellular response
- Phagocytosis
- Lymphatic drainage
What happens in the vascular response
Injury occurs
Transient vasoconstriction and prolonged vasodilation = increase in blood flow and hydrostatic pressure
Capillary beds open = increasing vascular permeability
Bradykinin causes capillary endothelium to retract (crenellations)
Plasma leaks out = protein rich exudate
Oedema forms (bruise)
Haemoconcentration
What happpens in the cellular response
Neutrophils are the first WBC to emigrate followed by monocytes then macrophages
They squeeze through endothelial gaps by a process called diapedesis
They are attracted to the site of injury via chemotaxis
Neutrophils produce powerful chemotactic chemicals
Name the 9 stages in the cellular response
Margination
Rolling
Adhesion
Pavementing
Chemotaxis
Pseudopod formation
Amoeboid action
Emigration/ diapedesis
Chemotaxis
What happens in phagocytosis
Ingestion of foreign materials
What happens in lymphatic drainage
Drains tissue fluid
During inflammation lymphatic vessels open up to assist the drainage
