W2 - Immunity

Question 1

What 4 things help with immunity

Answer 1

Bone marrow = red and yellow
Thymus gland = develop T lymphocytes
Lymph nodes = holding space for WBC
Spleen/tonsils = recycles RBC and stores WBC and platelets, 1st line of defence

Question 2

Where is bone marrow found

Answer 2

Long bones
Iliac crest
Sternum

Question 3

What is the difference between red and yellow bone marrow

Answer 3

Red: found at the ends of long bones, produce RBC, WBC and platelets
Yellow: found in the shaft of long bones

Question 4

What happens in cell mediated response

Answer 4

Red bone marrow formed in the ends of long bones
Immature pre T cells are released into the thymus gland to mature
Once matured, T cells are released into the lymphatic tissue and form CD8+ and CD4+ (helper T cells) cells
CD8+ and CD4+ combine to make CD8+ killer cells
CD8+ killer cells (killer T cells) leave lymphatic tissue to invade antigens

Question 5

What happens in a humoral response

Answer 5

Mature B cells leave the bone marrow and enter the lymphatic tissue
B cells combine with helper T cells to produce plasma cells (specific antigens)
Plasma cells produce immunoglobulin that interacts with specific antigens
Memory cells are also produced

Question 6

List as many ways that antibodies (immunoglobulins) work

Answer 6

Agglutination
Precipitation
Neutralisation
Lysis

Question 7

What is sepsis

Answer 7

Life threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host due to an infection

Question 8

How to spot sepsis (SEPSIS)

Answer 8

Slurred speech
Extreme shivering or muscle pain
Passing NO urine
Severe breathlessness
It feels like they are dying
Skin mottled or discoloured