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Nutrition Science > W5 - Nutrition - Adolescents & Older Adult > Flashcards

W5 - Nutrition - Adolescents & Older Adult Flashcards

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1
Q

List some body changes that happen during adolescence

A

Rapid growth

⬆️ metabolic rate

Skin acne

Menstruation

== Can ⬆️ risk of deficiencies

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2
Q

Growth spur in Females

A

11-15yrs

~8.3kg/year

16-27% ⬆️ body fat

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3
Q

Growth spur in Males

A

13-16yrs

~23.7kg

12% ⬇️ body fat

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4
Q

Why are female adolescents at risk from iron deficiency

A

Due to losses through menstruation

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5
Q

Why are male adolescents at risk from iron deficiency

A

⬆️ demand to grow lean body mass

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6
Q

How can an adolescent increase their iron intake?

A

⬆️ intake of lean red meat, liver, poultry + fish = haem iron

Beans, veg + iron-fortified cereals = non-haem iron

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7
Q

Besides iron, which other nutrients are important for adolescents

A

Calcium + phosphorus

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8
Q

Why is calcium + phosphorus especially important during adolescence

A

~45% of adult skeleton is being formed

Calcium for this growth must be derived from diet.

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9
Q

What happens to Vitamin D needs as you age?

A

Needs increase

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10
Q

What is adulthood characterised by?

A

Body maintenance

Gradual physical + physiological transitions.

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11
Q

Factors Affecting Rate of Ageing

A

Heredity

Lifestyle

Env

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12
Q

Calories (adulthood –> elderly)

A

Decline in basal metabolism means lower req of calories as adult age ⬆️.

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13
Q

Protein (adulthood –> elderly)

A

Must be careful w/ amount of intake as we age due to proteins waste products needing to be removed by the kidneys.

= Excessive protein intake may accelerate kidney function decline.

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14
Q

Fat (adulthood –> elderly)

A

Good idea to ⬇️ total fat intake due to ⬆️ risk of obesity, heart diseases + certain cancers.

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15
Q

CHO (adulthood –> elderly)

A

Recommended to shift CHO composition to emphasise complex CHO more than simple.

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16
Q

What does a diet richer in complex CHO make it easier for?

A

To meet nutrient needs + remain w/in calorie bounds.

Also easier for body to control blood glucose levels - a function that becomes less efficient as body fatness + inactivity ⬆️ w/ age.

17
Q

Fibre (adulthood –> elderly)

A

Diet rich in fibre helps adults ⬇️ risk of colon cancer, heart disease.

Also lowers their blood cholesterol + avoid constipation.

18
Q

What can LOW fluid intakes in older adults be caused by?

A

Fading sensitivity to thirst sensations

Chronic diseases

Conscious reductions in fluid intake to ⬇️ freq of urination.

19
Q

Why might elderly especially have an incr fluid output?

A

Due to medication

i.e diuretics + laxatives

20
Q

What can dehydration cause in elderly

A

Disorientation

Mental confusion

Constipation

Impacted fecal matter

Death

21
Q

Give an example of how iron deficiency can be caused in the elderly

A

Use of medicine i.e aspirin

22
Q

Iron (adulthood –> elderly)

Impaired absorption

A

Due to age-related declines in stomach acid prod may contribute to their iron deficiency.

23
Q

Zinc (adulthood –> elderly)

Why does absorption decline with age?

A

Due to ⬇️ in stomach acid prod

24
Q

What may poor zinc status contribute to? (adulthood –> elderly)

A

Loss of taste

Mental lethargy

Delayed wound healing

25
Q

Magnesium (adulthood –> elderly)

What may inadequate intakes contribute to?

A

Loss of bone strength

Muscular weakness

Mental confusion

26
Q

Potassium (adulthood –> elderly)

What are adequate intakes needed for?

A

Maintaining fluid balance

Transmitting nerve impulses

Muscle contraction

27
Q

(adulthood –> elderly)

As we age, stomach slows its production of acid which leads to…

A

Poor absorption of VB12 + eventually to pernicious anaemia.

28
Q

What does low intake of Vitamin E mean?

A

Body has a red supply of antioxidants

= May ⬆️ degree of cell damage cause by free radicals

== Promotes progression of chronic diseases, cataracts + speeds ageing.

29
Q

Body composition changes in the elderly

A

⬇️ muscle mass (sarcopenia)

⬇️ bone mass

⬆️ body fat %

30
Q

Reduced bone mass in the elderly

A

Due to endocrine changes.

Larger ⬇️ in women due to menopause.

= Don’t prod as much or any oestrogen which can have an impact on bone remodelling so we use the calcium storage in bones = ⬇️ bone mass.

=== Also why risk of osteoporosis is higher in F than M.

31
Q

Elderly ability to absorb zinc

A

Ability ⬇️ due to changes in gastric function

32
Q

Why might it become hard for elderly to intake sufficient amounts of protein?

A

Difficulty chewing it

Anabolic resistance - Their ability to extract protein + use for muscle building is impaired.

Nutrition Science (17 decks)

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