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Nutrition Science > Food intake, Digestion & Absorption > Flashcards

Food intake, Digestion & Absorption Flashcards

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1
Q

Resulting products for

Pyralin (salivary amylase)

A

Forms dextrine + branched oligosaccharides

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2
Q

Substrate, action and resulting products for

Pepsin

A

Protein (in the presence of HCL acid)

Hydrolysis

Polypeptides + aa

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3
Q

Substrate, action and resulting products for

Gastric lipase

A

Fat, esp shorter chain

Hydrolysis

Free FAs

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4
Q

Substrate, action and resulting products for

Lipase

A

Fat (in presence of bile salts)

Hydrolysis

Monoglycerides + FAs (incorporated into micelles)

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5
Q

Substrate, action and resulting products for

Cholesterol esterase

A

Cholesterol

Hydrolysis

Esters of cholesterol + FAs (incorporated in micelles)

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6
Q

Substrate, action and resulting products for

a-amylase

A

Starch + dextrins

Hydrolysis

Dextrine + maltose

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7
Q

Substrate, action and resulting products for

Trypsin (activated trypsinogen)

A

Proteins + polypeptides

Hydrolysis

Interior peptide bonds to form polypeptides

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8
Q

Substrate, action and resulting products for

Chymotrypsin

A

Proteins + polypeptides

Hydrolysis

Interior peptide bonds to form polypeptides

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9
Q

Substrate, action and resulting products for

Carboxypeptidase

A

Polypeptides

Hydrolysis

Terminal peptide bonds to form aa

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10
Q

Substrate, action and resulting products for

Elastase

A

Fibrous protein

Hydrolysis

Peptides + aa

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11
Q

What is the cause of GI movement?

A

Coordinated activity of:

  • Enteric nerves
  • Extrinsic nerves
  • Endocrine cells
  • Smooth muscle
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12
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

GABA

Site of release + primary action

A

CNS

Relaxes lower oesophageal sphincter

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13
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Norepinephrine

Site of release + primary action

A

CNS, spinal cord, sympathetic nerves

⬇️ Motility
⬆️ contraction of sphincters
Inhibits secretions

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14
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Acetylcholine

Site of release + primary action

A

CNS + Autonomic system

⬆️ Motility
Relaxes sphincters
Stimulates secretion

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15
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

NEUROTENSIN

Site of release + primary action

A

GI tract, CNS

Inhibits release of gastric emptying + acid secretion.

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16
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

SEROTONIN (5-HT)

Site of release + primary action

A

GI tract, spinal cord

Facilitates secretion + peristalsis

17
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

NITRIC OXIDE

Site of release + primary action

A

CNS, GI tract

Regulates blood flow
Maintains muscle tone + gastric motor activity

18
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

SUBSTANCE P

Site of release + primary action

A

Gut, CNS, skin

⬆️ sensory awareness + peristalsis.

19
Q

Where is gastrin secreted from?

A

Endocrine “G” cells in the antral mucosa of the stomach.

20
Q

What initiates secretion of gastrin?

A

Distension of antrum after meal

Impulses from vagus nerve

21
Q

When is gastrin inhibited?

A

When acidity in lumen ⬆️

22
Q

What does gastrin do?

A

Binds to receptors on parietal cells + histamine-releasing cells
- To stimulate gastric acid

To receptors on chief cells
- To release pepsinogen

To receptors on smooth muscle to ⬆️ gastric motility.

23
Q

Where is secretin released from?

A

“S” cells in wall of proximal small intestine into bloodstream

24
Q

Why is secretin released?

A

In response to gastric acid + digestive end products in duodenum.

25
Q

What does secretin stimulate the pancreas to do?

A

Secrete H20 + bicarbonate into duodenum

26
Q

What does secretin inhibit?

A

Gastric acid secretion + emptying.

27
Q

Where is motilin released from?

A

Endocrine cells in duodenal mucosa

28
Q

When is motilin released?

A

During fasting

29
Q

Why is motilin released?

A

To stimulate gastric emptying + intestinal motility.

30
Q

Substrate for

Pyralin (salivary amylase)

A

Starch

31
Q

Action for

Pyralin (salivary amylase)

A

Hydrolysis

Nutrition Science (17 decks)

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