Summaries for C16,17&18 - Nutrition through life

Question 1

How long does a favourable pregnancy last?

Answer 1

Full-term of gestation period

Question 2

What does a favourable pregnancy result in?

Answer 2

A healthy infancy weighting more than 5.5 pounds + permits the mother to return to her pre-pregnancy health.

Question 3

What is LBW often associated with?

Answer 3

Pre-mature birth

Question 4

What is the critical period?

Answer 4

Specific time during embryonic or fetal life when cells develop into a particular tissue or organ.

Question 5

What does the placenta contain?

Answer 5

Maternal + fetal bv which are so close that nutrients + O2 pass easily from mother to fetus + fetal wastes are shuttled from the fetus to the mother for excretion.

Question 6

When does lactation occur?

Answer 6

In the postpartum period.

Question 7

When does the let-down reflex occur?

Answer 7

When oxytocin causes milk to be released from the milk-prod lobules.

Question 8

What is the let-down reflex inhibited by?

Answer 8

Nervous tension

Lack of confidence

Fatigue

Question 9

What is colostrum?

Answer 9

A thin, yellowish “immature” milk

Question 10

When can colostrum appear?

Answer 10

Anytime from later pregnancy to several days postpartum.

Question 11

What is a lactating woman’s DRI based on?

Answer 11

Quantity of milk prod by the avg mother

Its nutrient content

Amounts of her nutrients being used to prod the milk

Question 12

Overview of breastfeeding

Answer 12

Suckling stimulates nerves in nipple + areola that travel to the hypothalamus.

Hypothalamus stimulates posterior pituitary to release oxytocin + the anterior pituitary to release prolactin.

• Oxytocin stimulates lobules in breast to let down (release) milk from storage.
• Prolactin stimulates additional milk prod.

Question 13

Maternal characteristics affecting pregnancy outcome

Answer 13

Age

Health

Safety of food supply

Eating patterns

Sociocultural factors

Lifestyle choices

Question 14

When is physical growth rate at its peak velocity?

Answer 14

During infancy

Slows during childhood

Incr again during adolescence

Question 15

What is the best indicator of a Childs nutritional status?

Answer 15

Growth

Question 16

What in the growing years is a good indicator of recent nutritional status?

Answer 16

BMI-for-age

OR weight-for-length for those under 2yrs.

Question 17

When does growth in height cease?

Answer 17

When growth plates at the ends of bones fuse.

Question 18

Up until what age does human milk or iron-fortified infant formula + the baby’s internal nutrient stores meet an infants nutrient needs?

Answer 18

4-6 months

Question 19

List advantages to infants drinking human milk

Answer 19

May red risk of food allergies + intolerances

Provides antibodies - good while immune system is immature

Contributes to maturation of the GI tract

Always fresh + ready

Bacteriologically safe

Question 20

At what age does human milk or formula gradually decr while solid food intake slowly incr?

Answer 20

Between 6-12 months

Question 21

Breastfed infants

Answer 21

Breastfeed for 6 months or longer if poss.
- As this declines, introduce iron-fortified infant formula.

Provide 400 IU/day of vitamin D

Question 22

Formula-fed infants

Answer 22

Use an iron fortifies formula for 1st yr of life.