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Nutrition Science > W10 - Nutrient Interactions > Flashcards

W10 - Nutrient Interactions Flashcards

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1
Q

What can medication do to nutrient absorption?

A

⬇️ or prevent it

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2
Q

What is a chelation reaction?

A

Metal ion + organic complexing agent –> Ring structure encompassing the metal ion + removes it.

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3
Q

What do chelation reactions between medications + minerals (metal ions) do?

What is the advice that follows this?

A

⬇️ amount of mineral avail. for absorption.

Advice - Take minerals at least 2 to 6 hrs apart from drug.

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4
Q

What is adsorption?

A

Adhesion of atoms, ions or mol from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface.

Creates a film of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent.

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5
Q

What is absorption?

A

Fluid (absorbate) is dissolved by or permeates a liquid or solid (absorbent).

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6
Q

What can adsorption do to nutrient absorption?

A

⬇️ it

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7
Q

What drug is known to treat diarrhoea?

A

Bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine (Questran)

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8
Q

What does Bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine (Questran) do?

A

ADSORBS fat-sol vitamins A,D,E+K.

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9
Q

What does it mean that Bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine (Questran) adsorbs A,D,E+K?

A

Should recommend vitamin supplementation w/ LT use of this drug, especially when taken more than once a day.

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10
Q

Bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine (Questran)

What vitamin supplementation is recommended?

A

30ml + of mineral oil/ day

= ⬇️ absorption of vit A,D,E+K

It is advised to take the mineral oil a.m + vitamins 2+hrs later.

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11
Q

How can drugs reduce nutrient absorption?

A

By influencing transit time of food + nutrients in gut.

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12
Q

What reduce transit time of food + nutrients in the gut?

A

Cathartic agents + laxatives

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13
Q

What can cathartic agents + laxatives cause?

What can this then lead to?

A

Diarrhoea

Loss of Ca2+ + K+.

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14
Q

What else can diarrhoea be induced by?

A

Drugs containing sorbitol, i.e syrup or solution forms of furosemide.

Drugs that ⬆️ peristalsis, i.e Cytotec.

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15
Q

How might a drug prevent nutrient absorption?

A

By changing the GI env.

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16
Q

What might antisecretory drugs be used to treat?

A

Ulcer disease + GERD.

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17
Q

How do antisecretory drugs treat Ulcer disease + GERD?

A

Inhibit gastric acid secretion + ⬆️ gastric pH.

== Impairs absorption of V B12 by ⬇️ cleavage from its dietary sources.

18
Q

What do the drugs do that have the biggest effect on nutrient ABSORPTION?

A

Those that damage the intestinal mucosa.

19
Q

Damage to the intestinal mucosa

A

Damage to the structure o the villi + microvilli inhibit the brush-border enzymes + intestinal transport systems involved in nutrient absorption.

20
Q

What does damage to the gut mucosa commonly result from?

A

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

LT antibiotic therapy

21
Q

What is the science of nutrigenomics?

A

Science of nutrients + the genes.

How naturally occurring chemicals in foods can alter mol expression of genetic info in each ind.

22
Q

What does nutrient intake affect?

A

Genomics

Proteomics

Metabolomics

== Then impacting disease prevention + +ive health outcomes.

23
Q

What is genomics

A

Make up of genes + the gene expression

24
Q

What is proteomics

A

Creation of the gene

25
Q

What are the 3 nutrient-gene interactions?

A

Direct interactions

Epigenetic interactions

Genetic variations

26
Q

NUTRIENT-GENE INTERACTIONS

Direct interactions

A

Sometimes after interacting w. a receptor, nutrients behave as transcription factors meaning they can bind to DNA + acutely induce gene expression.

27
Q

NUTRIENT-GENE INTERACTIONS

Epigenetic interactions

A

Nutrients can alter the structure of DNA so that gene expression is chronically altered.

28
Q

NUTRIENT-GENE INTERACTIONS

Genetic variationsT

A

Common genetic variations i.e single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can alter the expression of functionality of genes.

29
Q

What is meant by genetic expression?

A

Transcription

Translation

Post-transcriptional + translation modification

== End product = Proteins

30
Q

What are nutraceuticals?

A

Products for nutrition + medicine.

31
Q

What may nutraceuticals be used for?

A

Improve health

Delay ageing process

Prevent chronic diseases

Support structure/function of the human body

32
Q

According to Nasri et al. 2014, what is the frequency use of nutraceuticals in developed countries?

A

50-70%

33
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs.

34
Q

What can drug nutrient interactions (DNI) do?

A

Alter the effectiveness of a drug

Cause a nutrient depletion

35
Q

How can a DNI cause a nutrient depletion?

A

By disruption absorption

⬆️ excretion of 1 or more nutrients

36
Q

What are the increased risks of a DNI?

A

Older adults

Those who take multiple medications (poly pharmacy)

Those taking medications w/ dietary supplements

37
Q

In what ways can drugs influence the bodys nutritional status?

A

Ingestion (via appetite or taste)

Secretion (via oral secretion + gastric acid secretion)

Absorption (via GI transporters or GI drug metabolising enzymes)

GI motility

GI flora (immunity)

Nutrient metabolism

Nutrient excretion

38
Q

What are the nutrient related side effects of medication?

A

GI distress

Blood sugar imbalance

Appetite changes

Weight gain/loss

Organ toxicity

39
Q

What can be the most prominent examples of a specific pharmacokinetic food-drug effect interaction?

A

Grapefruit juice + Felodipine

40
Q

What can be the most prominent examples of a specific pharmacokinetic food-drug effect interaction?

Grapefruit juice + Felodipine

What can the interaction result in?

A

Inhibition of CYP3A4 metabolism

Inhibition of uptake + efflux membrane transporters.

41
Q

Recommendations regarding DNI

A

Avoidance of certain foods w/ many drugs i.e grapefruit

Change timing of foods around taking drugs

Screen patients routinely for supplement + herbal use

Nutrition Science (17 decks)

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