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Block 1 > W4: Innate Immunity and Mediators of Inflammation > Flashcards

W4: Innate Immunity and Mediators of Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

2 lipid mediators derived from the COX pathway are TXA2 and PGI2. State their function.

A

TXA2: increase platelet aggregation, increase vascular tone (vasoconstriction)

PGI2 does the opposite

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2
Q

TXA2/PGI2 is a vasoconstrictor, increasing/decreasing vascular tone.

A

TXA2, increase

increased vascular tone means constricting

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3
Q

AA is converted to prostaglandin by enzyme:

A

COX (cyclooxygenase)

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4
Q

AA is converted to leukotriene by enzyme:

A

5-lipoxygenase

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5
Q

PAF (__) is derived from __.

Its pleotropic effects are:

A

Platelet Activating Factor, Phospholipids

vasodilation
platelet aggregation
bronchoconstriction
neutrophil chemotaxis

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6
Q

Aspirin inhibits enzyme __

Steroids inhibit enzyme __

__ inhibits more upstream of AA pathway.

A

COX1,2; PLA2

steroid

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7
Q

PGI2, a potent vasodilator/vasoconstrictor, is made in __ cells.

A

vasodilator, endothelial

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8
Q

Chemokines:

__ recruit neutrophils
__ recruit monocytes

A

IL-8

MCP-1

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9
Q

Cells that have TLR

A

DC, monocyte/marcrophages, mast cells, epithelial cells

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10
Q

PAMP is recognized by ___ and activates ___.

A

TLR, NF-κB

  • important in regulating cellular responses
  • “rapid-acting” primary transcription factors, i.e., transcription factors that are present in cells in an inactive state and do not require new protein synthesis in order to become activated.
  • first responder to harmful cellular stimuli
  • induced byROS, TNFα, IL-1β, bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), isoproterenol, cocaine, and ionizing radiation
  • rapid changes in gene expression
  • stimulation of TLRs leads to activation of NF-κB (TLR4 receptor for the LPS component of Gram-negative bacteria.)
  • TLRs are key regulators of both innate and adaptive immune responses
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11
Q

Acute Phase Protein made in the liver

A

CRP (C-reactive protein)

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12
Q

Name 3 functions of the complement system

A

1) limit pathogen spread
2) activate innate immunity
3) create MAC to lyse pathogen

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13
Q

How is blood plasma and serum different?

A

Plasma is all cells removed.

Serum is all cells plus blood clots removed

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14
Q

Serum/plasma is the solution where anti-coagulant is added

A

Plasma (coagulation proteins are still there)

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15
Q

Coagulation proteins are still present in serum/plasma

A

plasma

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16
Q

IL-8 induces chemotaxis of __

A

neutrophils

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17
Q

Fever is induced by

A

TNFa, IL-1 (PGE2 in the brain)

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18
Q

5 hallmarks of acute inflammation

A 
calor (heat)
dolor (pain)
rubor (redness)
tumor (swelling)
loss of fx
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19
Q

NO is a vasodilator/vasoconstrictor that also mediates bradykinin, histamine, substance P

A

vasodilator (smooth muscle)

20
Q

Substance P is released at __

A

nerve ending

21
Q

Substance P fx:

A

vasodilation (NO)
vascular permeability
release histamine from mast cell

22
Q

G-CSF and GM-CSF function

A

increase neutrophil production in bone marrow

23
Q

Histamine is mainly released by __

A

mast cell

24
Q

histamine/serotonin induces

A

vasodilation and vascular permeability

25
Q

Histamin action on muscles (blood vessels and lung)

A

vasodilation on bv

bronchoconstriction on lung

26
Q

Leukotriene is induced in hypersensitivity __

A

I (control allergic response)

27
Q

Disease associated with abnormal leukotriene production are (3)

A

asthma
inflammatory bowel disease
glomerulonephritis

28
Q

In leukocyte extravasation, selectin _ is mobilized rapidly upon activation and selectin _ becomes more dominant a few hours later on endothelia. Selectins bind to __ on leukocytes

A

Selectin P
Selectin E (later)
glycoproteins

29
Q

Selectin _ is expressed constitutively on leukocytes

A

L

30
Q

During tight binding of extravasation, __ and __ interact

A

integrin (leukocytes)

ICAMs (endothelium, epithelium)

31
Q

ICAM is critical for recruitment of __

A

leukocytes

32
Q

Surface protein interactions: endothelium/leukocyte
Selectin/__
ICAM/ __

A

glycoprotein

integrin

33
Q

__, __ and __ are expressed on leukocyte cell surface (extravasation)

A

glycoprotein
integrin
L-selectin

34
Q

DAMP -

PAMP -

A

danger associated molecular pattern (self)

pathogen associated molecular pattern (pathogen)

35
Q

List innate immune cells

A

Most except T,B cells

monocyte/macrophages
DC
Poly morphonuclear cells (PMC or Poly) - neutro, baso, eos
mast cells
NK cells
Innate lymphoid cells
36
Q

ROS is generated in __ and __ cells, important in respiratory burst.

A

neutrophil, macrophages/monocytes

37
Q

Parasitic invasions are associated with __ and __ (cells)

A

eosinophil

basophil

38
Q

Cytokine generated in response to viral infections important to innate immunity

A

Type I INF (interferon)

39
Q

pDCs express high levels of __ and produce __ in response to __ invasion.

A

(plasmacytoid dendritic cells)

TLR
Type I IFN
viral

40
Q

Create a sentense with following word bank:

PAMP, TLR, NFkB

A

When TLR bind to PAMP, immune cell produces NFkB.

41
Q

Type I IFNa is crucial part of adaptive/innate immune system, especially in __ infection, produced by __

A

innate, viral, pDC

42
Q

Oxygen-dependent phagocytic killing mechanism; part of __ immune system

A

respiratory/oxidative burst, innate

43
Q

Phagocytic killing: name key component in each pathway -

oxygen-dependent
oxygen-independent

A

oxygen-dependent: ROS

oxygen-independent: phago-lysosome

44
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a genetic disease where phagocytes can’t carry out __ __ due to mutation in enzyme __ __.

A

respiratory burst

NADPH oxidase

45
Q

Significance of NADPH oxidase in phagocytes?

A

it converts O2 to ROS, enabling oxidative burst

46
Q

TXA2 and PGI2 sites of production

A

TXA2: platelets
PGI2: endothelial cells

47
Q

Beneficial effect of aspirin/NSAID

A 
reduce:
pain
fever
inflammatory response
severity of myocardial infarction
risk of cancer

Block 1 (26 decks)

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