W3: Blood

Question 1

Draw diagram of components of blood. What is the order of the layers from top to bottom after centrifuging?

Answer 1

Protein, water, WBC/platelets, RBC

Density of cells: RBC»WBC

Question 2

Mature RBC is called _____. What are the characteristics of RBC?

Answer 2

Erythrocyte;

No nucleus, mitochondria, protein synthesis, cell division;

unique shape that allows its shape to change and be resistant to shear (bi-concave)

Question 3

How does RBC generate ATP?

Answer 3

Glycolysis (aerobic AND anaerobic)

Question 4

What is the life span of RBC?

Answer 4

120 days

Question 5

Where can RBC be primarily found?

Answer 5

peripheral blood cells

Question 6

Where is RBC found when not in circulation?

Answer 6

Liver and spleen

Question 7

What is the difference between measure of hemoglobin and hematocrit?

Answer 7

Hemoglobin - RBC O2 carrying capacity (function)

Hematocrit - volume of RBC out of whole blood (ratio; amount)

Question 8

What are the components of hemoglobin?

Answer 8

Heme - iron + porphyrin ring

Globin - protein chains (4)

Question 9

What component of the RBC is recycled? Excreted and how?

Answer 9

Recycled: globin and iron

Excreted: porphyrin (become bilirubin in liver and excreted in stool)

Question 10

What is stomatocytosis and why does it occur?

Answer 10

It is when the central pallor of the cell looks like a slit instead of a white circle; when RBC increases, central pallor folds onto itself

Question 11

What are associated with elevated WBC?

Answer 11

Urgent: leukemia, infection, rhreumatoid arthritis

Less urgent: allergy, exercise, stress, smoking

Question 12

What indicates to neutrophil granulocytes?

Answer 12

Bacterial infection

Question 13

Which WBC is the most common? Second most common?

Answer 13

1) Neutrophils

2) lymphocytes

Question 14

What indicates to increase in lymphocytes?

Answer 14

Viral infection, lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Question 15

HIV will increase/decrease lymphocytes.

Answer 15

decrease

Question 16

Increase in what WBC indicates to bacterial infection?

Answer 16

Neutrophil, monocytes

Question 17

Increase in _________ can indicate to bacterial infection, TB, some leukemias, malaria, and other infections. It can also move to tissues and differentiate into phagocytes.

Answer 17

monocytes

Question 18

Increase in eosinophil granulocyte indicates to __,__, ___.

Answer 18

Parasitic infection,
asthma,
allergic reaction

Question 19

Increase in what WBC may indicate to bone marrow related conditions?

Answer 19

Basophil granulocytes

Question 20

What is “left shift”? Which cell is typically seen?

Answer 20

Increase in circulation of immature WBC; neutrophil

When body needs to put out more WBC

Question 21

Where are platelets (thrombocytes) made from?

Answer 21

Megakaryocytes in bone marrow

Question 22

Describe platelets and their function.

Answer 22

Disc shaped, anucleate cell fragment; clot formation

Question 23

What are steps for platelets to respond to site of endothelial injury? (3 A’s)

Answer 23

Adhere, activate, aggregate

Question 24

What is the lifespan of platelets in circulation?

Answer 24

10-12 days

Question 25

How are platelets removed?

Answer 25

Splenic macrophages

Question 26

What makes thrombus?

Answer 26

Platelets + fibrin

Question 27

How do you identify hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) in vitro?

Answer 27

Presence of cKIT, Sca-1, LIN

Question 28

Immature RBC are called _________, found less than __% in the peripheral blood.

Answer 28

Reticulocytes, 2%

Question 29

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 29

Yolk sac mesothelium
Liver, spleen
Bone marrow

Question 30

Bone marrow RBC:Fat ratio is __:__.

Answer 30

1:1

Question 31

What can be causes of increased serum bilirubin (jaundice)?

Answer 31

Increased hemolysis

Liver function problem (can’t excrete bile)