W3: Blood Flashcards
Draw diagram of components of blood. What is the order of the layers from top to bottom after centrifuging?
Protein, water, WBC/platelets, RBC
Density of cells: RBC»WBC
Mature RBC is called _____. What are the characteristics of RBC?
Erythrocyte;
No nucleus, mitochondria, protein synthesis, cell division;
unique shape that allows its shape to change and be resistant to shear (bi-concave)
How does RBC generate ATP?
Glycolysis (aerobic AND anaerobic)
What is the life span of RBC?
120 days
Where can RBC be primarily found?
peripheral blood cells
Where is RBC found when not in circulation?
Liver and spleen
What is the difference between measure of hemoglobin and hematocrit?
Hemoglobin - RBC O2 carrying capacity (function)
Hematocrit - volume of RBC out of whole blood (ratio; amount)
What are the components of hemoglobin?
Heme - iron + porphyrin ring
Globin - protein chains (4)
What component of the RBC is recycled? Excreted and how?
Recycled: globin and iron
Excreted: porphyrin (become bilirubin in liver and excreted in stool)
What is stomatocytosis and why does it occur?
It is when the central pallor of the cell looks like a slit instead of a white circle; when RBC increases, central pallor folds onto itself
What are associated with elevated WBC?
Urgent: leukemia, infection, rhreumatoid arthritis
Less urgent: allergy, exercise, stress, smoking
What indicates to neutrophil granulocytes?
Bacterial infection
Which WBC is the most common? Second most common?
1) Neutrophils
2) lymphocytes
What indicates to increase in lymphocytes?
Viral infection, lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
HIV will increase/decrease lymphocytes.
decrease
Increase in what WBC indicates to bacterial infection?
Neutrophil, monocytes
Increase in _________ can indicate to bacterial infection, TB, some leukemias, malaria, and other infections. It can also move to tissues and differentiate into phagocytes.
monocytes
Increase in eosinophil granulocyte indicates to __,__, ___.
Parasitic infection,
asthma,
allergic reaction
Increase in what WBC may indicate to bone marrow related conditions?
Basophil granulocytes
What is “left shift”? Which cell is typically seen?
Increase in circulation of immature WBC; neutrophil
When body needs to put out more WBC
Where are platelets (thrombocytes) made from?
Megakaryocytes in bone marrow
Describe platelets and their function.
Disc shaped, anucleate cell fragment; clot formation
What are steps for platelets to respond to site of endothelial injury? (3 A’s)
Adhere, activate, aggregate
What is the lifespan of platelets in circulation?
10-12 days
How are platelets removed?
Splenic macrophages
What makes thrombus?
Platelets + fibrin
How do you identify hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) in vitro?
Presence of cKIT, Sca-1, LIN
Immature RBC are called _________, found less than __% in the peripheral blood.
Reticulocytes, 2%
Where does hematopoiesis occur?
Yolk sac mesothelium
Liver, spleen
Bone marrow
Bone marrow RBC:Fat ratio is __:__.
1:1
What can be causes of increased serum bilirubin (jaundice)?
Increased hemolysis
Liver function problem (can’t excrete bile)
