W2: Stem Cells Flashcards
Difference between totipotent and pluripotent cells
Totipotent give rise to all cells.
Pluripotent give rise to all cells except placenta
Examples of each:
totipotent
pluripotent
multipotent
unipotent
T: zygote
P: embryonic stem cell (ESC)
M: hematopoietic stem cell
U: spermatogonial stem cell
Four types of pluripotent cells studied
ECC (embryonic carcinoma cells)
ESCs (embryonic stem cells)
EpiSC (epiblast stem cells)
iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cells)
Pluripotent cells within blastocyst is ___ cells
Epiblast (give rise to only embryonic cells, no placenta)
Undifferentiated __ cells will form teratoma in vivo (when injected into mice).
pluripotent
Epiblast of ICM is pluripotent/multipotent.
Pluripotent
EpiSCs aka
epiblast stem cells = aka
primed pluripotent stem cells
In vivo, pluripotent ells only exist in __ __.
early embryo (transient)
in vitro (culture), pluripotent cells are easy/hard to grow.
easy
pluripotent cells form __ upon transfer of undifferentiated cells to animals
tumors (teratomas)
How are embryonic stem cells (ESC) derived?
In vivo, from blastocyst (epiblast)
How do you distinguish between pluripotent vs. adult stem cells?
Pluripotent cells - easy to culture, cause tumor if injected into adult body
Adult stem cells - are unipotent; hard to culture
adult stem cell vs. pluripotent stem cells: which one is easier to work with?
pluripotent:
adult stem cells are difficult to isolate and culture, and have limited lifespan in vitro
adult / pluripotent stem cell has immortal life in vitro.
pluripotent
adult / pluripotent cells do not form tumor upon transfer into animals
adult
pluripotent (although it’s easy to study in vitro, develop teratoma upon transfer into animal)
What is Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)?
Take nucleus of a somatic cell and insert it into an enucleated (no nucleus), unfertilized oocyte = become ES cells
What is Cell Fusion?
ES cell + somatic cell = pluripotent hybrid cell
tetraploid cells; not good for differentiation
Three methods to reprogram cells to become pluripotent:
somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) (unfertilized egg nucleus replaced with another somatic nucleus)
cell fusion (somatic + ES cell)
TF-induced reprogramming (iPSC)
induced pluripotent stem cells are generated by __ reprogramming.
transcription factor mediated
