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Block 1 > W2: Stem Cells > Flashcards

W2: Stem Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between totipotent and pluripotent cells

A

Totipotent give rise to all cells.

Pluripotent give rise to all cells except placenta

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2
Q

Examples of each:

totipotent
pluripotent
multipotent
unipotent

A

T: zygote
P: embryonic stem cell (ESC)
M: hematopoietic stem cell
U: spermatogonial stem cell

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3
Q

Four types of pluripotent cells studied

A

ECC (embryonic carcinoma cells)

ESCs (embryonic stem cells)

EpiSC (epiblast stem cells)

iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cells)

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4
Q

Pluripotent cells within blastocyst is ___ cells

A

Epiblast (give rise to only embryonic cells, no placenta)

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5
Q

Undifferentiated __ cells will form teratoma in vivo (when injected into mice).

A

pluripotent

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6
Q

Epiblast of ICM is pluripotent/multipotent.

A

Pluripotent

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7
Q

EpiSCs aka

A

epiblast stem cells = aka

primed pluripotent stem cells

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8
Q

In vivo, pluripotent ells only exist in __ __.

A

early embryo (transient)

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9
Q

in vitro (culture), pluripotent cells are easy/hard to grow.

A

easy

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10
Q

pluripotent cells form __ upon transfer of undifferentiated cells to animals

A

tumors (teratomas)

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11
Q

How are embryonic stem cells (ESC) derived?

A

In vivo, from blastocyst (epiblast)

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12
Q

How do you distinguish between pluripotent vs. adult stem cells?

A

Pluripotent cells - easy to culture, cause tumor if injected into adult body

Adult stem cells - are unipotent; hard to culture

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13
Q

adult stem cell vs. pluripotent stem cells: which one is easier to work with?

A

pluripotent:

adult stem cells are difficult to isolate and culture, and have limited lifespan in vitro

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14
Q

adult / pluripotent stem cell has immortal life in vitro.

A

pluripotent

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15
Q

adult / pluripotent cells do not form tumor upon transfer into animals

A

adult

pluripotent (although it’s easy to study in vitro, develop teratoma upon transfer into animal)

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16
Q

What is Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)?

A

Take nucleus of a somatic cell and insert it into an enucleated (no nucleus), unfertilized oocyte = become ES cells

17
Q

What is Cell Fusion?

A

ES cell + somatic cell = pluripotent hybrid cell

tetraploid cells; not good for differentiation

18
Q

Three methods to reprogram cells to become pluripotent:

A

somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) (unfertilized egg nucleus replaced with another somatic nucleus)

cell fusion (somatic + ES cell)

TF-induced reprogramming (iPSC)

19
Q

induced pluripotent stem cells are generated by __ reprogramming.

A

transcription factor mediated

Block 1 (26 decks)

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