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Health Risk Crisis Comm > W3 Readings: B&B Ch. 6,7,8 > Flashcards

W3 Readings: B&B Ch. 6,7,8 Flashcards

0
Q

Body of speech

A

main part of the speech; contains major ideas

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1
Q

AIDA

A

an organizational plan that involves attention, interest, desire, and action

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2
Q

completeness

A

a principle of outlining which states that all important information on the message topic should be included

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3
Q

conclusion

A

the final part of a speech

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4
Q

coordination

A

all ideas at the same level of the outline should have the same degree of generality

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5
Q

division

A

a principle of outlining, which states that every idea which is divided should have at least 2 parts

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6
Q

introduction

A

the beginning of a speech

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7
Q

motivated sequence

A

an organizational plan which has 5 steps: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action

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8
Q

planning outline

A

detailed outline used for preparing a speech

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9
Q

progression

A

a principle of outlining which assesses the logical sequence of events

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10
Q

speaking outline

A

abbreviated outline used when presenting a speech

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11
Q

subordination

A

a principle of outlining which states that secondary ideas should be lower (more specific) than primary ideas

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12
Q

symbolization

A

a principle of outlining that uses symbols and indentation to indicate lvls of abstraction of every point in the outline

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13
Q

3 organizational plans for structuring persuasive messages

A

1) intro-body-conclusion
2) AIDA
3) motivated sequence

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14
Q

5 functions of an introduction

A

1) gain attention
2) establish report
3) give audience a reason to listen
4) state purpose
5) preview the main points of a speech

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15
Q

purposes of a persuasive message

A

to create, reinforce, or change attitudes or behaviors of individuals in an audience

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16
Q

cause-effect pattern

A

used when a speaker is focusing on the nature of a problem. The first point describes factors that influence, while the second point follows with the results.

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17
Q

types of attention-getters

A
  • reporting a startling statement or statistic
  • asking a question
  • using a quotation
  • referring to the audience or the speaking situation
  • using an analogy
  • telling a story
  • talking about a personal experience
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18
Q

organizational patterns of the body of a speech

A

1) cause-effect
2) sequential
2) 2-sided
3) problem-solution
4) topical

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19
Q

when is the sequential pattern of org. for a body adopted?

A

when the speaker is presenting one solution to a problem in great detail. The main points of the speech are the steps of the plan and the subpoints justify each step

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20
Q

when is 2-sided pattern adopted?

A

when a speaker focuses on 2 solutions and advocates the best solution to a problem

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21
Q

2 kinds of 2-sided messages

A

1) non-refutational (describes the opposing args. only)

2) refutational (argues against the opposing arg.) –> more persuasive

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22
Q

4 functions of a conclusion

A

1) summarize main points
2) create a sense of connection
3) inspire an appropriate frame of mind
4) make a final appeal

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23
Q

2 types of outlines

A

1) planning (more detailed, full sentence, includes bibliography)
2) speaking (key words/ideas)

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24
Q

6 principles of outlining

A

1) division - an idea must be subdivided into at least 2 parts
2) symbolization - consistency in indentation
3) coordination - same lvl ideas should have same generality
4) subordination - 2ary ideas should be more specific than 1ary ideas
5) progression - do ideas make sense how they are organized?
6) completeness - all important ideas should be included

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25
Q

PAR principle

A

Purpose, Audience, Research should be kept in mind when deciding which organizational plan and pattern to use.

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26
Q

Comparison and contrast

A

(demonstrating) similarities and differences b/w what a speaker want to explain and what the audience already understands

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27
Q

danger control

A

attempting to alleviate fear by taking action to reduce risk

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28
Q

deductive reasoning

A

inferring specifics from generalities

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29
Q

evidence

A

info provided by a speaker to explain or prove ideas. Consists of factual information and statements of opinion from those who ought to be believed.
-Likely to be processed centrally

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30
Q

expert testimony

A

a credible source (quotation) that provides info

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31
Q

explanation/description

A

(providing) background info on a topic

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32
Q

fear control

A

ignoring a message or denying the risk w/o taking constructive action to cope with danger. Hypothetical example: fictional instance that helps the audience understand the nature of a problem. Likely to be extended rather than a brief mention.

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33
Q

inductive reasoning

A

inferring a general principle from specific examples

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34
Q

recommendation

A

a suggestion for reducing the risk of danger

35
Q

response efficacy

A

the extent to which the solution advocated in a persuasive message will probably prevent danger

36
Q

self-efficacy

A

the extent to which an audience member believes that he or she is capable of implementing a recommendation

37
Q

severity

A

the degree of seriousness of the danger

38
Q

specific example

A

a real instance, usually brief, that helps explain the nature of the problem

39
Q

susceptibility

A

the likelihood that danger will afflict the audience

40
Q

statistics

A

numerical descriptions of info (counting, measurement, comparison)

41
Q

threat

A

a message that arouses fear

42
Q

3 ways audience can react to claims

A

1) acceptance
2) unsure whether to accept or not
3) rejection

evidence can encourage aud. to accept claims when they are uncertain or thought they would reject

43
Q

6 different forms of supporting materials

A

1) explanation and description
2) compare and contrast
3) hypothetical example
4) specific example
5) statistics
6) expert testimony

44
Q

the quality of evidence, or the supporting materials used to prove can be evaluated on the basis of 4 key criteria

A

1) relevance
2) recency
3) source qualifications
4) source bias

45
Q

If evidence is relevant to your point, it will be 1 of 3 things

A

1) like the point you want to prove
2) more specific than your point
3) more general than your point

46
Q

3 tests for inductive reasoning

A

1) the examples selected for your argument must be typical, or just like any other examples you might select.
2) have you examined a sufficient amt. of examples?
3) can neg. instances be explained?

47
Q

2 tests for deductive reasoning

A

1) is the specific instance included in the generalization?

2) is the specific instance an exception to the rule?

48
Q

2 elements of a fear appeal message

A

1) threat
2) recommendation

(similar to problem-solution)

49
Q

threat is made up of:

A

severity and susceptibility

50
Q

factors of interest

A

strategies that help you gain the attention of your audience in the intro and maintain it throughout message

51
Q

proximity

A

factor of interest that can be used throughout a message both to gain and to maintain audience interest

52
Q

vital factors

A

refer to life, health, economic security, and other things that affect our well-being

53
Q

When should inductive reasoning be used?

A

when a piece of evidence is more specific than the claim you need to support

54
Q

When should deductive reasoning be used?

A

when a piece of evidence is more general than the claim you need to support

55
Q

active voice

A

the grammatical situation where the subject of the sentence performs the action in the sentence

56
Q

anecdote

A

a short entertaining story about some event

57
Q

antithesis

A

the juxtaposition of two contrasting ideas

58
Q

axiom

A

wise saying that is widely accepted

59
Q

connotative meaning

A

subjective meaning of a word

60
Q

concise word usage

A

situation char. by the speaker’s being brief and to the point

61
Q

concrete words

A

linguistic symbols which stand for something specific

62
Q

denotative meaning

A

dictionary meaning of a word

63
Q

devil term

A

word generally accepted as negative

64
Q

God term

A

word generally accepted as positive

65
Q

grand style

A

a style that is majestic and impressive

66
Q

humorous metaphor

A

an implicit comparison in which 2 things are juxtaposed, and which becomes humorous when that comparison has amusing properties or contains a witty turn of phrase

67
Q

hyperbole

A

an overstatement of significance

68
Q

intensity

A

vivid and dramatic word usage

69
Q

irony

A

a humorous way of implying the opposite of what one is actually saying

70
Q

middle style

A

a style used to please or entertain

71
Q

passive voice

A

the grammatical situation where the object of an action becomes a (grammatical) subject in the sentence

72
Q

plain style

A

a style that is straightforward and clear

73
Q

pun

A

play on words

74
Q

rhythm

A

the flow of patterns of words and sentences

75
Q

rhyme

A

same or similar sounds at the end of clauses or phrases

76
Q

satire

A

the use of mockery and sarcasm to poke fun at flaws and imperfections

77
Q

symbol

A

something that stands for, or represents, something else

78
Q

3 important chars. of symbols

A

arbitrary, adaptable, and conventional

79
Q

ultimate terms

A

represent an ideal image of the culture and take the form of god and devil terms

80
Q

4 differences b/w oral and written styles

A

1) simplicity
2) repetition
3) informality
4) spontaneity

81
Q

3 factors that influence your choice of style:

A

1) audience
2) personal preference
3) purpose

82
Q

central goal of plain style

A

clarity

83
Q

goal of middle style

A

humor

84
Q

central goal of grand style

A

intensity and rhythm

Health Risk Crisis Comm (13 decks)

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