Lecture 8a/b (Curbow)

Question 1

risk comm. comprises risk, hazard, and harm equally

Answer 1

:)

Question 2

Hazard

Answer 2

an act or phenomenon posing potential harm to some person(s) or thing(s). The source/cause of harm

Question 3

magnitude of hazard

Answer 3

the amt. of harm that might result, including the seriousness and the number of people exposed

Question 4

Harm

Answer 4

to weaken or impair somebody or something; damage or injury

Question 5

Risk

Answer 5

adds to the hazard and its magnitude and the probability that the potential harm or undesirable consequences will be realized. The probability that hazard will lead to harm

Question 6

comm.

Answer 6

the exchange of thoughts, messages, or info as by speech, signals, or writing

Question 7

risk comm.

Answer 7

an interactive process of exchange of information and opinion among individuals, groups, and institutions; often involves multiple messages about the nature of the risk. should address hazard, harm, and probable risk

Question 8

seriousness and # affected combine to form the:

Answer 8

magnitude of harm

Question 9

what makes risk comm. a special form of comm?

Answer 9

• concepts may be hard to understand
• outcomes may be undertain
• emotion may be neg.
• stakes for effective comm. may be high
• always contextual

Question 10

care comm.

Answer 10

risk comm. about health and safety risks for which way to manage danger has already been proven

Question 11

consensus comm.

Answer 11

risk comm. to inform and encourage groups to work together to reach a decision about how the risk will be managed

Question 12

crisis comm.

Answer 12

risk comm. in the face of extreme sudden danger

Question 13

4 kinds of risk comm.

Answer 13

1) public relations (high hazard, low outrage)
2) stakeholder relations (mod. hazard and outrage)
3) outrage management (outraged aud.)
4) crisis comm. (high hazard and outrage)

Question 14

Primary audience tasks

Answer 14

1) decide if there is a sig. risk of harm due to the hazard

2) decide if action is needed, and if so, which action(s)

Question 15

Theory of Rationality

Answer 15

choose the alternative that maximizes expected value

Question 16

Bounded Rationality

Answer 16

cognitive limitations force people to construct simplified models of the world in order to cope with it. Does NOT imply irrationality

Question 17

Heuristics

Answer 17

simple, efficient thinking strategies. “Rules of thumb”. Can lead to costly errors

Question 18

representative heuristic

Answer 18

probabilities are evaluated by the degree to which A is representative of B

Question 19

Base-Rate Fallacy

Answer 19

the tendency to ignore or underuse base-rate info and instead by influenced by distinctive features of the case being judged

Question 20

Insensitivity to sample size

Answer 20

type of representative bias; when comparing how much a sample is like a population, sample size isn’t taken into account

Question 21

Overconfidence Phenomenon

Answer 21

type of representative bias; tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of one’s beliefs

Question 22

Availability Heuristic

Answer 22

people asses the frequency of a class or the probability of an event by the ease with which instances can be brought to mind

Question 23

Illusory Correlation

Answer 23

perception of a relationship where none exists, or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists

Question 24

Retrievability of Instances

Answer 24

factors such as familiarity, recency, or salience affect how easily instances are retrieved

Question 25

2 ways of measuring affect

Answer 25

1) state measure (how the person is feeling at that very moment)
2) trait measure (measures how people are generally)

Question 26

Self-presentation

Answer 26

the process in which people manipulate their self-images and behavior to project certain impressions of themselves to others

Question 27

Goal

Answer 27

to structure the interaction to attain a certain outcome

Question 28

ingratiation

Answer 28

doing things to please others

Question 29

Illusion of control

Answer 29

perception of uncontrollable events as subject to one’s control, or as more controllable than they are

Question 30

Illusion of invulnerability

Answer 30

:)

Question 31

Self-serving bias

Answer 31

tendency to perceive oneself favorably

Question 32

Optimistic bias

Answer 32

tendency for people to claim that their chances of suffering from various problems are less than the changes of others around them

Question 33

social factors that influence whether people see risk around them

Answer 33

roles, responsibilities, culture/history, social presentation needs, group influences

Question 34

PANAS

Answer 34

Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale