Lecture 8a/b (Curbow) Flashcards
risk comm. comprises risk, hazard, and harm equally
:)
Hazard
an act or phenomenon posing potential harm to some person(s) or thing(s). The source/cause of harm
magnitude of hazard
the amt. of harm that might result, including the seriousness and the number of people exposed
Harm
to weaken or impair somebody or something; damage or injury
Risk
adds to the hazard and its magnitude and the probability that the potential harm or undesirable consequences will be realized. The probability that hazard will lead to harm
comm.
the exchange of thoughts, messages, or info as by speech, signals, or writing
risk comm.
an interactive process of exchange of information and opinion among individuals, groups, and institutions; often involves multiple messages about the nature of the risk. should address hazard, harm, and probable risk
seriousness and # affected combine to form the:
magnitude of harm
what makes risk comm. a special form of comm?
- concepts may be hard to understand
- outcomes may be undertain
- emotion may be neg.
- stakes for effective comm. may be high
- always contextual
care comm.
risk comm. about health and safety risks for which way to manage danger has already been proven
consensus comm.
risk comm. to inform and encourage groups to work together to reach a decision about how the risk will be managed
crisis comm.
risk comm. in the face of extreme sudden danger
4 kinds of risk comm.
1) public relations (high hazard, low outrage)
2) stakeholder relations (mod. hazard and outrage)
3) outrage management (outraged aud.)
4) crisis comm. (high hazard and outrage)
Primary audience tasks
1) decide if there is a sig. risk of harm due to the hazard
2) decide if action is needed, and if so, which action(s)
Theory of Rationality
choose the alternative that maximizes expected value
Bounded Rationality
cognitive limitations force people to construct simplified models of the world in order to cope with it. Does NOT imply irrationality
Heuristics
simple, efficient thinking strategies. “Rules of thumb”. Can lead to costly errors
representative heuristic
probabilities are evaluated by the degree to which A is representative of B
Base-Rate Fallacy
the tendency to ignore or underuse base-rate info and instead by influenced by distinctive features of the case being judged
Insensitivity to sample size
type of representative bias; when comparing how much a sample is like a population, sample size isn’t taken into account
Overconfidence Phenomenon
type of representative bias; tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of one’s beliefs
Availability Heuristic
people asses the frequency of a class or the probability of an event by the ease with which instances can be brought to mind
Illusory Correlation
perception of a relationship where none exists, or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists
Retrievability of Instances
factors such as familiarity, recency, or salience affect how easily instances are retrieved
2 ways of measuring affect
1) state measure (how the person is feeling at that very moment)
2) trait measure (measures how people are generally)
Self-presentation
the process in which people manipulate their self-images and behavior to project certain impressions of themselves to others
Goal
to structure the interaction to attain a certain outcome
ingratiation
doing things to please others
Illusion of control
perception of uncontrollable events as subject to one’s control, or as more controllable than they are
Illusion of invulnerability
:)
Self-serving bias
tendency to perceive oneself favorably
Optimistic bias
tendency for people to claim that their chances of suffering from various problems are less than the changes of others around them
social factors that influence whether people see risk around them
roles, responsibilities, culture/history, social presentation needs, group influences
PANAS
Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale
