W1: Lectures 1a/b: Intro & Attitudes, Beliefs, Behaviors (Curbow) Flashcards
possible communication roles of the “public health expert”
- public community org.
- public one-on-one
- pub. through mass media
- pub. health org.
- law makers
- agency/sponsor
- science/field
“communication”
- the EXCHANGE of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, or writing
- the PROCESS by which people INTERACTIVELY create, sustain, and manage meaning
- exchange is key
- info can be conveyed in several different formats i.e. verbal nonverbal, writing
The definition of good communication depends on:
the purpose of the communication (i.e. impart, exchange, process, or act on information)
challenges of imparting information
info should be factual, clear, accessible
challenges of exchanging info
partner must be ready, willing, have skills to exchange
challenges of processing info
recipient must be motivated, have ability to process (i.e. free of anxiety, fear), and free of bias
challenges of acting on info
recipient must be motivated and have the skills to act. The environment must not pose barriers to acting.
4 elements of communication theory
imparting, exchanging, processing, and acting on information
Modes of conveying information (6) Which are most used by PHP?
- apathy
- coercion
- persuasion
- education
- propaganda
- manipulation
education and persuasion most used by PHP
they all exist on a continuum, and how to classify them is in the eye of the beholder!
“Education”
to teach a person certain factual information
Perloff’s “Persuasion”
1) the study of attitudes and how to change them
2) a symbolic process in which communicators try to convince other people to change their attitudes or behaviors regarding an issue through the transmission of a message in an atmosphere of free choice
Faden’s “persuasion”
the intentional, successful attempt to induce a person(s) through appeals to reason, to freely accept as his/her own the beliefs, attitudes, values, intentions, or actions advocated by the influence agent
- appeals to reason, not emotion*
- not coercive
Benoit’s “persuasion”
A goal-directed process involving people that can create/change/reinforce attitudes
“coercion” (Perloff)
a technique for FORCING people to act as the coercer wants them to act - presumably contrary to their preferences.
Coercion occurs when the influence agent:
- delivers a threat of some consequence
- attempts to induce the individual to act contrary to his/her preferences
- deprives individual of freedom/autonomy
Cacciopo & Petty’s “Propaganda”
to change other people’s views in order to further one’s own cause or damage an opposing one
Perloff’s “propaganda”
a persuasive communication with which one disagrees and to which the individual attributes hostile intent
“Manipulation of information” (Faden)
Deliberate acts that successfully influence a person by non-persuasively altering the person’s understanding of the situation, thereby altering perceptions. Utilizes deception, being intentionally over-whelming, provoking, taking advantage of fear, anxiety etc., and presenting info in a way that leads to drawing predictable and misleading inferences.
“Psychological manipulation” (Faden)
intentional acts that successfully influence a person’s beliefs or behaviors by causing changes in mental processes other than those involved in understanding (subliminal suggestion, flattery, appeals to emotional weakness, induction of guilt, feelings of obligation)
What needs to be changed when we try to change/influence people’s behavior?
Attitudes
Affect/evaluative defs. of “Attitude”
1) general and enduring positive or neg. feelings about some person, object, or issue
2) likes/dislikes
3) feelings that an attitude object is good/bad, fair or unfair
4) dispositions to evaluate objects favorably or unfavorably
