W29-L10: Immunisations Flashcards
What are the two main types of immunisation?
Active and passive (antibodies and immune cells)
What are some applications of passive immunisation?
To prevent or modify (lessen illness during incubation) disease eg horse antibodies
What are living immunizing agents?
Unattenuated, empirally or rationally attenuated and reassortants
What are unattenuated vaccines?
tissue specific pathogens, eg adenovirus that causes diarrhorea can be given orally and prevent resp
adenovirus (as it won’t survive stomach and cause its disease)
What are empirically attenuated vaccines?
grow it in unusual media and then select for ones that do grow in the hope they won’t like the original
media (which would be in humans) and can’t cause disease eg BCG
What are rationally attenuated vaccines?
none used at the moment, one was it was a cholera vaccine that deleted gene for cholera toxin,
preferred method
What are some living empirically attenuated vaccines?
Polio (oral), rotavirus, BCG
What are reassortant vaccines?
Viruses with segmented genomes, just slot in the latest Haemaglutanin and neurominidase genes to update vaccine eg rotavirus and influenza
What are non-replicating immunizing agents?
Inactivated virion, purified product, product of cloned gene
What are some inactivated vaccines?
Polio (Salk), influenza, Hep A, cholera
What are some component vaccines?
Hep B, HPV, pertussis
What are the advantages of living vaccines?
Broader immune response, local immunity (at site the organism invades)
What are the disadvantages of living vaccines?
Disease (back mutation, spread) and failure
What are the advantages of killed vaccines?
Stable, contamination unlikely, can’t spread and safe
What are the disadvantages of killed vaccines?
weaker immune response, high dose, need adjuvants and expensive
