W28-L2: Hip and thigh, bones and muscles

Question 1

Where is the gluteal region?

Answer 1

posteriolateral, iliac crest to gluteal fold below

Question 2

Where is the thigh region?

Answer 2

inguinal ligament
and knee joint anteriorly
gluteal fold and knee posteriorly

Question 3

Where is the leg and foot regions?

Answer 3

leg is knee to ankle

foot is distal to the ankle

Question 4

What attaches to the outer surface of the illium?

Answer 4

gluteal muscles

Question 5

What delineates origins of different gluteal muscles?

Answer 5

Anterior and posterior gluteal line

Question 6

What is the inner surface like and what does it give rise to?

Answer 6

Inner surface is smooth, gives rise to illiacus

Question 7

What does the ischial spine divide?

Answer 7

greater and lesser sciatic notch

Question 8

What bears weight in a sitting position?

Answer 8

Ischeal tuberosity

Question 9

What projects forward from ischeal tuberosity?

Answer 9

Ischeal ramus

Question 10

What are features of the pubis bone?

Answer 10

Inferior and superior pubic ramus

Question 11

What angle does the head of the femur have with the shaft?

Answer 11

125 degrees

Question 12

What joins the greater and lesser trochanter?

Answer 12

trochenteric line (anterior and rough) and trochenteric crest (posterior and smooth)

Question 13

What runs on the posterior aspect of the shaft of the femur?

Answer 13

Posteriorly is linear aspera which runs the vertical length of the shaft of the femur

Question 14

What does the linea aspera split into distally?

Answer 14

supra-condylar lines (medial and lateral)

Question 15

What does the medial supra-condylar line end in?

Answer 15

Adductor tubercle

Question 16

What is the action of gluteal muslces?

Answer 16

extend, rotate and abduct the thigh at the hip joint which minimises pelvic tilt whilst walking

Question 17

Where do major flexors of the hip arise from?

Answer 17

Posterior abdominal wall

Question 18

What is medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 18

Hip Adductors

Question 19

What is the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 19

knee extensors, hip flexors

Question 20

What is the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 20

knee flexors, hip extensors

Question 21

What is the fascia lata?

Answer 21

strong dense layer that invests the muscles and prevents bulging

Question 22

What is the lateral thickening of the fascia lata?

Answer 22

illiotibial
tract from iliac crest to proximal tibia, which is a shared aponeurotic tendon of gluteus maximum and
tensor fascia lata

Question 23

Where does the gluteus maximus arise from?

Answer 23

arises from illium posterior to the posterior gluteal line (next to dorusm of sacrum) and dorsum of sacrum

Question 24

Where does the gluteus maximus insert into?

Answer 24

Illiotibial tract, some deep fibres go into posterior shaft of the femur

Question 25

What is the main action of gluteus maximus?

Answer 25

minor contributor to walking on a level, more involved in standing up from sitting and walking upstairs, involved in flexion to straightening

Question 26

What is the origin of gluteus medius, minimus and maximums from sacrum to front?

Answer 26

Maximus, medius then minimus

Question 27

Where do medius and minimus run to?

Answer 27

from posterior ilium to greater trochanter

Question 28

What is the function of medius and minimus?

Answer 28

are abductors and medially rotate lower limb (as they originate in front of axis of rotation)

Question 29

How do medius and minimus help whilst walking?

Answer 29

opposite to side that has leg off the ground contracts during walking to prevent pelvic tilt

Question 30

What is piriformis?

Answer 30

triangular muscle that forms part of the wall of the pelvis, inserts into gluteal region.

Question 31

Where is the sartorius and where does it run?

Answer 31

Anterior compartment, runs from superiolateral to inferiormedial

Question 32

What muscles of thigh are above sartorius?

Answer 32

Iliopsoas into lesser trochanter, flex the trunk, postural muscle and pectineus

Question 33

What is special about pectineus?

Answer 33

transition btw anterior and medial compartment, shares dual action and nerve supply

Question 34

Where do the 4 quadriceps insert?

Answer 34

tibial tuberosity

Question 35

Where do vastus lateralis and medialis insert as well as tibial tuberosity?

Answer 35

separate insertion into patella which keeps it aligned (prevent lateral dislocation)

Question 36

Where is the vastus intermedius in the leg?

Answer 36

anterior compartment deeply placed, anterior surface has aponeurosis which blends with quad tendon, arises from anterior surface of femur

Question 37

What is deep to the vastus intermedius?

Answer 37

gracilis and adductor group

Question 38

where does the adductor group run?

Answer 38

as a group extend from inferior pubic ramus and insert into linear aspera

Question 39

Where is the gracilis and where does it insert?

Answer 39

gracilis forms medial border of adductor group, inserts into tibia not femur

Question 40

What is the order of adductors from superficial to deep?

Answer 40

longus, brevis and magnus

Question 41

Where does the adductor magnus run?

Answer 41

extends for whole of linear | aspera, down medial supra-condylar line all the way down to adductor tubercle

Question 42

Where is the hiatus of the adductor magnus?

Answer 42

there is a skip in its attachment between linear aspera and medial supra-condylar line which is the hiatus that allows for passage of major neurovascular structures

Question 43

Where do hamstrings attach to?

Answer 43

superior part of ischeal | tuberosity

Question 44

What are the actions of the hamstrings?

Answer 44

extensors of the hip, flexors of the knee

Question 45

What overlies the hamstring semi-membranosus?

Answer 45

semitendinosus

Question 46

Which head of the hamstring biceps femoris is deep?

Answer 46

Short head

Question 47

Where does the hamstring semimembranosus insert?

Answer 47

top of medial tibial condyle

Question 48

Where do tendons that make up pes anserinus arise from?

Answer 48

One from each compartment