W28-L3: Leg, bones and muscles Flashcards
What are some features of the tibia bone?
shaft is triangular, medial surface is subcutaneous
What is the oblique line on the posterior part of superior tibial shaft?
soleal line
What do muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg do?
dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes
What do muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg do?
plantarflex the foot and flex the toes
What do muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg do?
evert the foot
Where does the fascia in leg attach and what septa does it have?
fascia attaches to tibia and encircles all the muscles, has septa that divides the muscles into the three compartments
Which compartment is divided into superficial and deep?
Posterior
What are the borders of the anterior compartment of the leg?
bounded by tibia, interosseous membrane and anterior intermuscular septa and encircling layer of deep fascia
What is the issue with the anterior compartment of the leg?
no give in these borders, issue with haematoma
What are the three muscles from medial to lateral in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior (dorsiflex, inversion) Extensor hallicus longus Extensor digitorum longus
Where do the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg arise from?
all arise from anterior shift of tibia
Where does the tibialis anterior insert?
medial
side of foot (pulls midline up=inversion) medial cuniform and 1st metatarsal
What is the fibularis tertius?
split off digitorum longus
is small tendon that goes to 5th toe
Where do EDL insert?
split into three components
middle phalanx has one, distal phalanx has two which attach either side
Medial to lateral what are the tendons under the extensor retinaculum?
T=tibilias anterior H = hallicus longus N=neurovascular D= digitorum T= fibularis tertius
Timothy has a nasty, dirty toe
What are the boundaries of the lateral compartment?
between anterior and posterior intermuscular septa
What is in the lateral compartment?
just two muscle fibularis longus and brevis
Where do fibularis longus and brevis arise from?
arise from the shaft of the fibula,
longus from proximal part, brevis from distal part
Which one has the long tendon fibularis longus or brevis?
Fibularis longus
Where do the tendons of fibularis longus and brevis run?
run down and pass behind lateral malleous, brevis grooves the bone (between malleous and longus tendon)
Where does fibularis brevis insert?
base of the 5th metatarsal
<p>Where does fibularis longus insert?</p>
<p>turns and travels across sole of foot, from lateral (grooves cuboid bone) to insert with tib anterior (1st meta"tarsal" sorry hannah and cunieform)</p>
What are the muscles in the deep posterior compartment?
three muscles in deep posterior
mirror the three muscles in anterior compartment (mirror across interosseous membrane)
FDL, FHL and tibialis posterior
Where does the gastrocnemius arise from?
two bellies from each of the condyles of the femur
Where does the gastrocnemius insert?
common tendon of insertion, achillies tendon into posterior aspect of calceneus
Where does the soleus arise from?
both the soleal line on tibia and also fibrous arch to fibula
What forms the floor of the popliteal fossa?
popliteus
What is plantaris?
muscle with short
belly and long slender tendon, is insignificant
What muscle in the leg is associated with a significant venous plexus?
Soleus
Where do poplietus and soleus insert?
all insert via tendo-achillies
Where do the deep posterior muscles of the leg arise from?
The shaft of tibia
What is order of structures from malleous to calcineous under the flexor retinaculum?
tom dick and very naughty harry
tom= tib post dick=digitorum avn= artery, vein, nerve harry= hallicus
