W2 - Fundamentals of histology Flashcards
Which immune cells are associated with acute inflammation?
neutrophils
Which immune cells are associated with chronic inflammation?
Lymphocytes and plasma cells
Which immune cells are associated with lymphomas?
Lymphocytes and plasma cells
histology features of lymphomas?
sheets of lymphocytes
What are eosinophils associated with?
- allergic reactions
- parasitic infections
- tumours e.g. Hodgkin’s disease
Neutrophil histology features
- 12-14 µm diameter = look bigger than the surrounding RBCs
- a single, multilobed (2-5 lobes) nucleus,
Lymphocyte histology features
- 6-14µm in diameter
- a small spherical nucleus with abundant dark staining condensed chromatin
- Not much cytoplasm can be seen
Eosinophil histology features
- 12 - 17 µm in diameter
- two lobes to their nucleus
- large acidophilic specific granules which stain bright red, or reddish-purple.
- These granules contain proteins that are ‘destructive’ and toxic.
What are macrophages associated with?
- late acute inflammation
- chronic inflammation (including granulomas)
What is Ziehl-Neelson stain used for?
Acid fast bacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB)
___________ cells become ________ once they enter _______ tissue
monocyte, macrophages, resident
What are mast cells?
Mast cells are long-lived tissue-resident cells, located at the boundaries between tissues and the external environment, for example, at mucosal surfaces of the gut and lungs, in the skin and around blood vessels.
What are mast cells associated with?
- parasitic infection
- allergic reactions
Name the main 4 types of tumours and what is their respective origins?
- Carcinomas - epithelial cells
- Sarcomas - connective tissue (bones, muscles, tendons, cartilage, nerves, fat, and blood vessels)
- Lymphomas - lymphatic system (LNs, spleen, thymus and BM)
- Melanomas - melanocytes
Name the 3 types of carcinomas
- Squamous cell carcinomas
- Adenocarcinomas
- Transitional cell carcinomas
Describe features of squamous cell carcinomas
- keratin production
- intercellular bridges
Describe features of adenocarcinomas
- mucin production
- glands
Name 6 sites of origin of squamous cancers
- Skin
- Head and neck
- Oesophagus
- Anus
- Cervix
- Vagina
Name 6 sites of origin for adenocarcinomas
- Lung
- Breast
- Stomach
- Colon
- Pancreas
- Prostate
What are histochemical stains?
Based on the chemical reaction between the stain and a specific component of the tissue.
The product of this reaction has a specific colour or other property which can be identified.
Prussian Blue - what stain is this? What disease does it show?
Stains BLUE for iron
haemochromatosis
Congo Red - what does a positive stain show?
amyloid in amyloidosis
What does apple green birefringence show with a Congo Red stain?
amyloid in amyloidosis
What are immunohistochemical stains?
Based on using an antibody specific to an antigen in the tissue.
Need a detection system to make this binding visible.
