VRU 2016

Question 1

94% of lesions overlying a vertebral body are more likely to be diagnosed as what?

A) Ischemic myelopathy
B) Acute non-compressive nucleus pulpous extrusion (ANNPE)

Answer 1

Answer = A

Question 2

What characteristics of a spinal cord lesion are more seen in ischemic myelopathy injuries?

A) Overlying a vertebral body
B) Lateralized intramedullary lesion
C) Larger lesion length
D) associated extradural material or extradural changes
E) A and C
F) B and D
G) A,B,C
H) B,C,D

Answer 2

Answer = E

More likely to be ischemic myelopathy (e.g. FCE) = overlying vertebral body, NO lateralization, & larger lesion length

More likely to be ANNPE = focal intramedullary T2 hyperintensity over IV disc space, lateralized lesion, reduced volume of IV disc, narrowed disc space, extradural material or extradural changes

Question 3

Following dexmedetomidine administration, which of the following is seen on thoracic radiography and echocardiography?

A) Fractional shortening increased
B) False positive mitral & pulmonic valve regurgitation
C) Increased VHS and cardiac size on lateral & VD views
D) B and C
E) All the above

Answer 3

Answer = D
Following dexmed administration:
- Increased VHS and cardiac size on rads
- E point to septal separation & LV internal diameter in both systole/diastole increased
- Fractional shortening decreased
- Mitral & pulmonic regurgitation seen

Dexmed may cause false positive valve regurgitation & cardiomegaly

Question 4

T or F, the number of tracheal bends in whooping cranes is NOT associated with age?

Answer 4

False.
# of tracheal bends is age-related, but NOT sex-related

Question 5

A 3 yo dog with a palpable neck mass presents with lethargy, fever, neck pain, and bloodwork shows leukocytosis and neutrophilia. A cervical MRI shows very enlarged medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes. The most likely DDX is?

A) Metastatic thyroid carcinoma
B) Reactive granulomatous disease
C) Suppurative lymphadenitis
D) there is not information to tell, must aspirate.

Answer 5

Answer = C

Inflammatory lymphadenitis more likely in younger patients & present with LETHARGY, leukocytosis/neutrophilia (100% PPV), pyrexia (100% PPV), pain

Question 6

Neoplastic cervical masses on MRI have greater ______ and ______ than inflammatory masses or inflammatory lymphadenitis.

Answer 6

Greater height and width

Question 7

Which of the following accurately describes the expected lesions seen in tick-borne meningoencephalomyelitis?

A) Multifocal diffuse T2 grey matter hyper intensities of the midbrain, perilesional edema & meningeal enhancement
B) Bilateral symmetric, non-enhancing grey matter T2 hyper intensities of thalamus, hippocampus, and spinal cord without meningeal enhancement
C) Bilateral symmetric T2 hyperintensities of the lentiform nuclei
D) Bilateral, asymmetric periventricular T1 white matter hyperintensities

Answer 7

Answer = B

Tick-borne meningoencephalomyelitis is caused by a Flavivirus

MRI findings = bilateral, symmetrical GREY matter T2/FLAIR hyperintensities (to white matter), T1 iso/hypo, NON-enhancing lesions involving thalamus, hippocampus, brainstem, basal nuclei, cerebellum, & ventral horn of spinal cord with minimal to no mass effect,meningeal enhancement or perilesional edema

Question 8

Smaller optic nerve sheath diameters are found in (young or adult) horses? and normal foal measurement is ____?

A) Adults, < 6.5mm
B) Foals, < 6.5mm
C) Foals, < 5mm
D) Adults, < 5mm

Answer 8

Answer = C

Question 9

T or F, optic nerve sheath diameter varies with age.

Answer 9

FALSE.

No significant difference in optic nerve sheath diameter with weight or age