Tendons/Ligaments/Nerves Flashcards
What provides motor innervation to the flexors of the elbow?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What are the flexors of the elbow?
Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis
What does the axillary nerve innervate?
Flexors of the shoulder
What are the flexors of the shoulder?
Teres major, teres minor, deltoid
The axillary nerve provides sensory information to what part of the thoracic limb?
Cranial arm and forearm
What does the radial nerve innervate?
Extensors of the elbow, carpus, and digits.
What are the 9 extensor muscles of the distal thoracic limb?
- Triceps brachii
- Anconeus
- Tensor fasciae antebrachii
- Extensor carpi radialis
- Common digital extensor
- Lateral digital extensor
- Lateral ulnar
- Oblique carpal extensor
- Supinator
What nerve provides sensory information to the proximal suspensory area?
Deep branch of lateral palmar nerve
The deep branch of the lateral palmar nerve gives off what structures?
Medial and lateral metacarpal nerves
What do the medial and lateral metacarpal nerves innervate?
Sensory information to the fetlock
What branch innervates the toe?
Dorsal branches of medial and lateral digital n
What does the median nerve innervate?
Most of the flexors of the forearm
What are the order of the nerves from proximal to distal in the thoracic limb?
Median & ulnar nerve –> medial & lateral palmar nn, respectively
Lateral palmar nerve gives off deep branch at level of carpus
Deep branch of lateral palmar nerve –> medial and lateral metacarpal nerves
Communicating branch between medial and lateral palmar nerves at level of mid-metacarpus
Medial and lateral palmar nerves –> medial & lateral digital nerves (distal to fetlock)
Dorsal branches of digital nerves at level of fetlock
Since 90% of equine lameness is in the foot, what 3 blocks are most important?
1) Palmar digital
2) Abaxial sesamoid
3) Low palmar/Low 4 point block
What does the palmar digital nerve block anesthetize?
Heel area of foot & all structures of the hoof EXCEPT dorsal coronary band
- Blocks medial & lateral digital nerves
What does the abaxial sesamoid nerve block anesthetize?
Toe & pastern
- Blocks medial and lateral digital nerves AND dorsal branches
What does the low 4 point block anesthetize?
Fetlock and distally
- Blocks 6 nerves
1 & 2) Medial & lateral palmar nn
3 & 4) Medial & lateral metacarpal nn
5) Medial cutaneous ante brachial n
6) Dorsal branches of ulnar n
**Does NOT completely block fetlock
What nerve block should be performed to anesthetize the dorsal portion of the hoof?
Pastern field block/ Ring block of the pastern
- Includes dorsal portion of hoof & everything else that a palmar digital block does
What portion of the leg is NOT anesthetized by an abaxial sesamoid block?
Dorsal portion of the pastern (P2)
What nerves must be blocked to anesthetize the origin of the suspensory ligament?
Medial & lateral palmar nerves (@ level of middle carpal joint)
What does the femoral nerve innervate?
Extensor muscles of the stifle (quadriceps femoris) & iliopsoas
The saphenous nerve is the superficial branch of what other nerve?
Femoral nerve
The lumbosacral trunk gives off what 3 branches?
Cranial gluteal
Caudal gluteal
Caudal cutaneous femoral
What are the two branches of the ischiatic nerve?
Tibial and common peroneal (fibular) nerves
What nerves are the distal continuations of the tibial nerve?
Medial & lateral plantar nerves (at level of talocrural joint)
What is the course/continuation of the common peroneal (fibular) nerve?
Branches into superficial & deep fibular nerves
Distally the superficial and deep branches divide into dorsal metatarsal & digital nerves
What muscles are the adductors of the thigh?
What nerve innervates them?
Adductors of the thigh:
- Pectineus
- External obturator
- Adductor
- Gracilis
Innervated by obturator nerve
