Cervical U/S Flashcards
What structures form the external jugular veins?
Convergence of the linguofacial & maxillary veins
What structure courses with the vagosympathetic trunk?
Common carotid a
Where is the carotid sinus located?
Origin of the internal carotid a
What joins in the jugular veins caudally?
L & R brachiocephalic veins –> drains into CrVC
What is the relative position of the trachea & esophagus at the level of the thoracic inlet?
Esophagus to the L of trachea
Arteriovenous malformations in the neck are most often associated with what disease process?
Thyroid carcinoma
What can be a sequelae to arteriovenous malformations?
L sided CHF
What is the position of the vagosympathetic in relation to the common carotid artery?
Dorsomedial
What is the location of the thyroid glands?
Adjacent to ventral aspect of tracheal wall & immediately caudal to larynx
In a trv image, what is the relation of the common carotid a in comparison to the thyroid gland?
Common carotid lateral to thyroid
In relation to the common carotid artery in a transverse view at the level of the thyroid gland what is the location of internal jugular vein and vagosympathetic trunk?
Vagosympathetic trunk is dorsomedial to the common carotid & the Internal jugular vein is dorsolateral to common carotid arteries.
What are the two most common neoplasms associated with the thyroid gland in dogs & cats?
Carcinomas & adenomas
What are the common characteristic features of thyroid carcinomas?
Unilateral
Large & inhomogeneous
Rapidly growing
Invasive
Metastatic lymphadenopathy`
+/- Upper airway obstruction
What is different about the location of the cranial & caudal parathyroid glands?
Cranial glands usually in extrathyroidal fascia versus caudal glands more commonly embedded w/in parenchyma
What is the parathyroid gland cutoff size to distinguish between adenoma/adenocarcinoma vs hyperplasia in hypercalcemic pts?
4mm
What are the 6 lymph node groups of the head/neck?
Parotid, mandibular, lateral & medial retropharyngeal, superficial & deep cervical
Where is the mandibular salivary gland located?
Caudal to the angle of the mandible formed by the convergence of the linguofacial & maxillary veins
What is the difference between a true salivary cyst & retention cyst (mucocele)?
True cysts lined w/ stratified epithelium
Retention cysts lined w/ granulation tissue
What structures are visible w/ U/S of the larynx?
Epiglottis
Ventral margins of cricoid & thyroid cartilages
Cuneiform process of the arytenoid cartilage
True & false vocal cords
What are the 3 supporting muscles of the tongue?
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Genioglossus
