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Radiology Residency > Arthrology > Flashcards

Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 basic types of joints?

A

1) Fibrous (Synarthrosis) = little movement with short, direct & often transient union (e.g - syndesmoses, sutures, gomphoses)
2) Cartilaginous (Amphiarthrosis) = limited movement (compression/stretching)
3) Synovial (Diarthroses) = facilite movement

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2
Q

What is a syndesmosis?

A

Fibrous joint w/ considerable intervening CT (ex = hyoid apparatus attachment to petrous temporal bone)

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3
Q

Where are sutures commonly found?

A

Flat bones of the skull (type of fibrous joint)

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4
Q

What are 4 types of sutures?

A

1) Serrated: articulates via alternating processes & depressions
2) Squamous: overlapping of reciprocally beveled edges
3) Plane: bones meet @ right-angled surfaces
4) Foliate: edge of 1 bone fits into fissure or recess of adjacent bone

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5
Q

What is a schindylesis?

A

Interlocking uneven jagged edges of bones in a fibrous joint

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6
Q

What is a gomphosis?

A

Implantation of a tooth in alveolus via fibrous union (formed by periodontal lig)

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7
Q

Which type of joint is usually temporary?

A

Hyaline cartilage joints (aka primary joints) - represent persistent parts of the fetal skeleton or secondary cartilage of growing bones (e.g - epiphysis untied w/ diaphysis by cartilaginous physical plate)

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8
Q

Costochondral junction are what type of joint?

A

Persistent hyaline cartilage joints

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9
Q

Secondary joints are also called what?

A

Fibrocartilaginous joints

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10
Q

Pelvic symphysis, intermandibular articulation, sternebrae & vertebral bodies are examples of what types of joints?

A

Fibrocartilaginous joints

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11
Q

What are the 4 components of a synovial joint?

A

Joint cavity
Joint capsule (outer fibrous layer & inner synovial membrane)
Synovial fluid
Articular cartilage

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12
Q

Where are collateral ligaments developed?

A

In fibrous layer of joint capsule

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13
Q

What forms the blood supply of synovial joints?

A

Arterial & venous network from parent trunks in the vicinity of the joint
- supplies capsule & also epiphyses bordering the joint

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14
Q

Synovial fluid is produced from _______?

A

Synovial membrane

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15
Q

T or F, the synovial membrane covers the articular cartilage?

A

False, it blends with the periosteum as it reflects on the bone

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16
Q

What two portions of a synovial joint are NOT covered by the synovial membrane?

A

Articular cartilage & the contact surface of fibrocartilaginous plates

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17
Q

What is another term for fibrous membrane?

A

Capsular ligament

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18
Q

Thickenings of the fibrous portion of the joint capsule form what?

A

Ligaments

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19
Q

T or F, hyaline cartilage contains neither blood vessels and nerve

A

True

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20
Q

Where does articular cartilage receive it’s nutrition from?

A

Synovia

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21
Q

The thickness of the articular cartilage in a joint is proportionall to what?

A

Weight borne by joint

22
Q

What structure completely or partially divides a joint cavity into 2 parts?

A

Meniscus or disc

23
Q

What are the only two synovial joints in the dog that possess menisci?

A

Stifle & TMJ

24
Q

Ligaments & tendons unite what 2 things, respectively?

A

Ligaments unite bone with bone
Tendons unite muscle with bone

25
Q

What is the term for the structure that deepens the sockets of certain ball & socket synovial joints by ridges of dense fibrocartilage?

A

Glenoid lips

26
Q

What are the 3 ways synovial joints may be classified?

A

Number of articulating surfaces
Shape or form of the articular surfaces
Function of the joint

27
Q

According to number of articular surfaces, a joint is either _____ or _____.

A

Simple or compound (2 or more articular surfaces w/in same capsule)

28
Q

What are the 7 basic types of synovial joints based on articular surface shape/form?

A

1) Plane (flat surface –> gliding motion)
2) Ball & Socket
3) Ellipsoid (e.g antebrachiocarpal)
4) Hinge (ginglymus) –> flexion & extension w/ limited rotational degree
5) Condylar –> rounded prominences or condyles that fit into reciprocal depressions (e.g stifle)
6)Trochoid aka pivot –> chief movement along longitudinal axis (e.g medial AA & proximal radioulnar joints)
7) Saddle –> opposed surfaces usually at right angles that are convex & concave to eachother (e.g - tarsocrural, interphalangeal)

29
Q

What three structures form the TMJ?

A

Condyloid process of mandible, mandibular fossa of temporal bone, & lateral ligament (tightens as jaw opens)

30
Q

Where does the apical ligament of the dens attach?

A

Basioccipital bone @ ventral part of foramen magnum

31
Q

The apical ligament of the dens is a remnant of what structure?

A

Notochord

32
Q

Alar ligaments of dens attach where?

A

Occipital condyles (caudal portion)

33
Q

What 3 structures support of the atlantoaxial joint?

A

Apical ligament of the dens
Two alar ligaments
Transverse atlantal ligament (holds dens against ventral arch of atlas)

34
Q

Where does the nuchal ligament oringinate & attach?

A

Large spinous process of axis & spins process of T1

35
Q

Where does the supraspinous ligament originate & attach?

A

Spinous process of T1 to 3rd caudal vertebra

36
Q

What is the origin of the nucleus pulposus?

A

Mass of mesodermal cell remnants of the notochord

37
Q

Is the annulus fibrosis thicker ventrally or dorsally?

A

Ventrally (by 1.5 to 3x)

38
Q

What are the narrowest disc spaces of the cervical & lumbar spine?

A

C2-C3 & L4-5

39
Q

What are the widest cervical & lumbar disc spaces?

A

C4-6 & L4-L5

40
Q

What 4 ligaments are associated w/ each intervertebral disc?

A

Dorsal & ventral longitudiinal ligaments (pass btw vertebral bodies)
Ligament of the head of the rib (rib head to disc & two adjacent vertebrae)
Intercapital ligament (one rib head to another, along dorsal surface of intervertebral disc & floor of vertebral canal)

41
Q

What 4 spots is the inter capital ligament regularly absent from?

A

1st, 11th, 12th, & 13th ribs

42
Q

Where do the yellow ligaments (aka interarcuate ligaments) run?

A

Between the arches of adjacent vertebrae

43
Q

What does the epidural space separate?

A

The ligaments & arches of the vertebrae from the dura covering the spinal cord

44
Q

What structure holds the biceps brachia tendon & its synovial sheath in the bicipital groove?

A

Transverse humeral retinaculum

45
Q

The tendons of which 5 muscles provide support for the glenohumeral joint?

A

Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor (lateral)
Teres major (medial)

46
Q

Which joint in the elbow transmits most of the weight supported by the limb?

A

Humeroradial joint

47
Q

What is the main function of the humeroulnar joint?

A

Stabilizes & restricts movement to sagittal plane

48
Q

What joint of the elbow allows for antebrachial rotation?

A

Proximal radioulnar joint (allows for supination)

49
Q

What ligaments of the elbow divide into 2 crura?

A

Lateral collateral ligament (

50
Q

T or F, the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow often contains a sesamoid bone?

A

True

Radiology Residency (23 decks)

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