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Phonetics theory > ✅Vowel Production > Flashcards

✅Vowel Production Flashcards

1
Q

Are vowels voiced or voiceless?

A

Voiced

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2
Q

Do articulators constrict in the oral cavity?

A

No

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3
Q

Can sound be sustained when producing vowels?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What are vowels described as?

A

The nucleus of syllable

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5
Q

How does ogden (2010) describe vowels?

A

Vowels are syllabic sounds made with free passage of air down the mid-line of the vocal tract, usually with a convex tongue shape, and without friction

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6
Q

How does ladefoged 1996 define vowels?

A

Vowels are defined by the physiological characteristic of their having no obstruction in the vocal tract, and by their function within a phonologically defined syllable

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7
Q

Describe monophthongs?

A

Constant, unchanging sound quality

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8
Q

Describe diphthongs

A

Gradually changing articulation

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9
Q

What are the places of tongue backness?

A

Front
Central
Back

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10
Q

What are the three stages of tongue height?

A

High
Mid
Low

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11
Q

What is another way of describing front - back?

A

Palatal - velar

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12
Q

What is the vowel space shape?

A

Quadrilateral

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13
Q

How do you describe a vowel?

A

Lips, tongue height, tongue backness

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14
Q

How many primary cardinal vowels are there?

A

8

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15
Q

What happens when symbols appear in pairs?

A

The one to the right represents a rounded vowel

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16
Q

Who created the cardinal vowel system?

A

Daniel Jones

17
Q

What us fixed in the primary cardinal vowels?

A

Auditory quality

18
Q

Describe the first anchor point? (I)

A

Highest front vowel
Tongue as high and forward and possible
Lips spread

19
Q

Describe the second anchor point? C[

A

Mostly open back vowel
Tongue as low and back as possible
Lips spread

20
Q

What are the three more reference points at the Front of the vowel space?

A

e, a, 3

21
Q

What are the 3 other reference points at the back?

A

O, c, u

22
Q

What is the 3rd group of vowels called? (Schwa etc)

A

Spare/ floating

23
Q

Why do most accents differ?

A

Due to vowel production

24
Q

What are vowels produced with?

A

OPEN approximation.

25
Q

What do we refer to the area of vowel production in the oral cavity?

A

The Vowel Space

26
Q

How do describe the position of the tongue in vowel production? ( 3 Steps)

A
  1. HORIZONTAL (is tongue at front or back of vowel space)
  2. VERTICAL (is tongue at the top or bottom of vowel space)
  3. LIPS (are they rounded or unrounded)
27
Q

When was the CVS devised?

A

Around the time of the 1st world war

28
Q

Other than the CVS how can we ascertain vowel production?

A

X-ray photography and Ultrasound

29
Q

Where are the primary cardinal vowels produced?

A

all produced at the periphery of the vowel space

30
Q

The vowel space sits underneath what parts of the mouth?

A

Hard palate and velum

31
Q

The 8 reference vowels defined by Daniel Jones are called?

A

The Cardinal Vowel System

32
Q

What is the term used to describe the height of the tongue in the vowels: /i/ and /u/?

A

Close

33
Q

What articulators are involved in vowel production?

A

Tongue and lips

34
Q

Where about in the vowel space is the tongue for the vowels /a/ /e/ and /i/?

A

Front

35
Q

The vowels /i u e a o/ can all be referred to as?

A

Primary Cardinal Vowels

36
Q

Ladefoged analysed X-rays of the vowel production of the primary cardinal vowels and found that the front vowels were produced equidistantly, what did he find out about the back vowels?

A

The tongue is at the same height for cardinal 6&7

37
Q

A diphthong can be described as?

A

a constantly changing vowel where the beginning and the end are different

38
Q

A monopthong can be described as?

A

A vowel of constant quality, unchanging

39
Q

What are the three types of lip position in vowel production?

A

Spread, neutral and rounded

Phonetics theory (11 decks)

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