✅Vowel Production Flashcards
Are vowels voiced or voiceless?
Voiced
Do articulators constrict in the oral cavity?
No
Can sound be sustained when producing vowels?
Yes
What are vowels described as?
The nucleus of syllable
How does ogden (2010) describe vowels?
Vowels are syllabic sounds made with free passage of air down the mid-line of the vocal tract, usually with a convex tongue shape, and without friction
How does ladefoged 1996 define vowels?
Vowels are defined by the physiological characteristic of their having no obstruction in the vocal tract, and by their function within a phonologically defined syllable
Describe monophthongs?
Constant, unchanging sound quality
Describe diphthongs
Gradually changing articulation
What are the places of tongue backness?
Front
Central
Back
What are the three stages of tongue height?
High
Mid
Low
What is another way of describing front - back?
Palatal - velar
What is the vowel space shape?
Quadrilateral
How do you describe a vowel?
Lips, tongue height, tongue backness
How many primary cardinal vowels are there?
8
What happens when symbols appear in pairs?
The one to the right represents a rounded vowel
Who created the cardinal vowel system?
Daniel Jones
What us fixed in the primary cardinal vowels?
Auditory quality
Describe the first anchor point? (I)
Highest front vowel
Tongue as high and forward and possible
Lips spread
Describe the second anchor point? C[
Mostly open back vowel
Tongue as low and back as possible
Lips spread
What are the three more reference points at the Front of the vowel space?
e, a, 3
What are the 3 other reference points at the back?
O, c, u
What is the 3rd group of vowels called? (Schwa etc)
Spare/ floating
Why do most accents differ?
Due to vowel production
What are vowels produced with?
OPEN approximation.
What do we refer to the area of vowel production in the oral cavity?
The Vowel Space
How do describe the position of the tongue in vowel production? ( 3 Steps)
- HORIZONTAL (is tongue at front or back of vowel space)
- VERTICAL (is tongue at the top or bottom of vowel space)
- LIPS (are they rounded or unrounded)
When was the CVS devised?
Around the time of the 1st world war
Other than the CVS how can we ascertain vowel production?
X-ray photography and Ultrasound
Where are the primary cardinal vowels produced?
all produced at the periphery of the vowel space
The vowel space sits underneath what parts of the mouth?
Hard palate and velum
The 8 reference vowels defined by Daniel Jones are called?
The Cardinal Vowel System
What is the term used to describe the height of the tongue in the vowels: /i/ and /u/?
Close
What articulators are involved in vowel production?
Tongue and lips
Where about in the vowel space is the tongue for the vowels /a/ /e/ and /i/?
Front
The vowels /i u e a o/ can all be referred to as?
Primary Cardinal Vowels
Ladefoged analysed X-rays of the vowel production of the primary cardinal vowels and found that the front vowels were produced equidistantly, what did he find out about the back vowels?
The tongue is at the same height for cardinal 6&7
A diphthong can be described as?
a constantly changing vowel where the beginning and the end are different
A monopthong can be described as?
A vowel of constant quality, unchanging
What are the three types of lip position in vowel production?
Spread, neutral and rounded
