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Phonetics theory > ✅Introduction To Speech Mechanism > Flashcards

✅Introduction To Speech Mechanism Flashcards

1
Q

What is Phonetics?

A
  1. The system of speech sounds of a language or group of languages
  2. A. The study and systematic classification of the sounds made in spoken utterance
    B. The practical application of this science to language study.
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2
Q

What are the three types of phonetics?

A

Articulately, Acoustic and Auditory

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3
Q

What is transcription?

A

The use of a sound-based alphabet to represent speech sounds

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4
Q

What is phonology?

A

The study of how sounds function in language

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5
Q

What is a phonological system?

A

The sounds used in a particular language.

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6
Q

What is phonological structure?

A

The rules of how sounds are made

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7
Q

What are the three regions of the speech production mechanism?

A

Articulately/Supra-laryngeal Region
Respiratory/ breathing Region
Laryngeal/ Phonatory Region

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8
Q

What does the articulatory region consist of?

A

The Oral and Nasal Cavity

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9
Q

What does the Respiratory Region consist of?

A

Lungs and Diaphragm

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10
Q

What does the laryngeal region consist of?

A

Larynx, Vocal Folds.

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11
Q

What does both speaking and breathing require?

A

Air from the lungs

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12
Q

When is inhalation and exhalation equal?

A

When Breathing

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13
Q

When is inhalation faster than exhalation

A

When speaking

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14
Q

When is breathing modified?

A

When speaking

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15
Q

Where does inhalation take place?

A

Nasal cavity

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16
Q

Where does exhalation take place

A

Oral cavity

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17
Q

What is considered as breathing with obstacles?

A

Speech

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18
Q

What does ingressive mean?

A

Inwards

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19
Q

What does Egressive mean?

A

Outwards

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20
Q

Pulmonic ——- Airstream

A

Egressive

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21
Q

What is the total lung capacity?

A

5-7 litres

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22
Q

What is the vital lung capacity

A

3.5-5 litres

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23
Q

Quiet tidal volume/ normal quiet breathing , how many litres?

A

0.5L

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24
Q

What does speech require the louder it gets?

A

More Air

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25
Q

What are all the parts of the Larynx?

A
  • epiglottis
  • Hyoid Bone
  • Thyroid Cartilage
  • Circoid Cartilage
  • Laryngeal Prominence
  • Tracheal Cartilages
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26
Q

Describe the Epiglottis

A

Sits at top of Larynx
No function in speech
Flap of tissue
Seals of larynx in swallowing

27
Q

What are the three systems involved in speaking called?

A

Respiratory
Phonatory
Articulatory

28
Q

What is inspiration when speaking?

A

Breathing IN

29
Q

What is expiration when speaking?

A

Breathing OUT

30
Q

Where does the air travel when we breathe in?

A

Down the trachea, bronchi and into the lungs

31
Q

What is it called when we use air coming from the lungs?

A

The pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism

32
Q

What does pulmonic mean?

A

Lungs

33
Q

What does egressive mean?

A

Outward flow

34
Q

What is the ratio of inspiration to expiration during quiet breathing?

A

1:1

35
Q

What is the ratio of inspiration to expiration during speech?

A

1:8

36
Q

Where is the larynx situated?

A

At the top of the trachea

37
Q

What are the two cartilage in the larynx and what is their purpose?

A

The thyroid and the Cricoid

They protect the vocal folds

38
Q

What is the space between the two vocal folds called?

A

The glottis

39
Q

What is subglottal?

A

Part of the vocal tract below the glottis

40
Q

What is supraglottal?

A

Part of the vocal tracts above the glottis

41
Q

When fully open, how much of the trachea is the glottis?

A

54%

42
Q

What happens when air travels up the trachea from the lungs?

A

It must pass from a wider to a narrower area when it reaches the glottis

43
Q

What must happen to produce voicing?

A

The vocal folds vibrate

44
Q

What is the process of voicing ( vocal fold vibration)?

A

The first meet along the bottom edge and the line of closure then travels upwards. When it reaches the top, the bottom edges are already opening again. This creates a vertical phase difference. Breath escapes during each opening (thus escapes in pulses).

45
Q

What is pitch?

A

The frequency of vocal fold vibration

46
Q

What is different in male and females and what is due to?

A

Pitch, due not the size of the vocal folds.

47
Q

What are the measurements of the inner edge of the vocal folds in men and women

A

Male- 23mm

Female- 18mm

48
Q

What is the average pitch for males and females?

A

Males - 100-150Hz

Females- 200-300Hz

49
Q

What does volume depend on?

A

The amplitude of vibration of the vocal folds.

50
Q

Describe how we change our volume?

A

The further the vocal folds move apart in the open phase, the louder the sound; the smaller the gap, the quieter the sound.
To produce a loud voice, extra pressure is also needed from the lungs.

51
Q

What is the articulatory system often referred as?

A

Supra-glottal system

52
Q

Where is the pharynx?

A

The chamber above the larynx

53
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

Mainly a container of a volume of air which can be set in vibration sympathy with the vibrations of the vocal folds ( this amplifying sound)

54
Q

Where is the epiglottis?

A

Sits at the top of the larynx

55
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

It is a flap of tissue which projects into the pharynx at the root of the tongue.

56
Q

Where does the soft palate (velum) terminate?

A

In the fleshy uvula

57
Q

What happens if the velum is raised or lowered?

A

It closes or opens the entrance to the nasal cavity (velopharyngeal port)

58
Q

What is the velopharynx?

A

The nasal cavity

59
Q

What does the roof of the mouth consist of?

A

Alveolar ridge, hard palate and soft palate

60
Q

What determines the size of the oral cavity?

A

The mandible

61
Q

What are the four shapes that the lips can make?

A
  • Close rounding
  • Open rounding
  • Spreading
  • Neutral
62
Q

What is the most flexible organ of speech production?

A

The tongue

63
Q

What is the tongue?

A

A combination of muscles whose base is attached to the hyoid bone

64
Q

What are the four sections of the tongue?

A
  • The blade – tapering section behind alveolar ridge
  • The tip – extreme point of the blade
  • Front – part lying under the hard palate
  • Back – part lying under the velum

Phonetics theory (11 decks)

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