Introduction To Phonolgy Flashcards
What is phonetics?
Focused on ‘speech sounds’ (vowels & consonants), of all languages
How sounds are made!
Phonetic is about articulation, what do you need to be able to do?
Able to appropriately plan and execute articulators
What do we do within phonetic analysis?
Providing a transcription of speech production
Visual Analysis of articulation
What is phonological knowledge?
Being Aware of how speech sounds are contrasted and combined to create meaningful words.
What is phonology?
Study of how sounds are used and organised in natural language
(Speaker, language, timing etc)
What is the phonological system when we describe a language/accent speaker?
How many/which are the vowels?
How many/which are the consonants?
i.e. what are the phonemes?
What are the three systems in phonological analysis?
Language
Accent
Speaker
What is phonology of English?
What are the vowel, consonants and the rules?
What is the phonology of scottish english?
What are the vowels, consonants and the rules?
Cat [tat] Boat [bot] Dog [dat] Food [tod] No [do] Go [do] Bed [bod] Mummy [bodo]
What is the phonological system?
Consonants - /t//d//b/
Vowels /a//o/
Small phonemic repertoire
What is a phoneme?
A family of sound- the word we hear
What i an allophone?
Members/ variants of this group
What happens If one sound used in place of a sound from another family (phoneme)?
The meaning will change
What happens If one member of the family (allophone) is used in place of the other
The meaning wont change but will sound odd
What are examples of allophones?
/t/- [th] [t=] [?]
/d/- [dw] [d]
~
Describe the variant of a phoneme.
do not change meaning of a word
–are all articulatorily similar to each other
–occur in phonetic contexts different to each other
ALLOPHONE
What is phonological structure?
Rules that govern what segments can be used where
What is the minimal pair test?
Look at two really similar words where there is only one sound different.
If the meaning changes the sounds are contrastive (phonemes)
Ask if patient can tell the difference
can you predict the environment in which [tʰ] appears? [ tʰak] tack [ stɔp] stop [ tʰɛn] ten [stip] steep [ tʰwen] twain [ tʰɹuӨ] truth
Beginning
Not after S
What is a minimal opposing pair?
K & g - differ only in place
What is a maximal opposing pair?
M & s - differ in P, M & V
What are Near minimal pairs?
Scar and car
What are the three degrees of pairs
Minimal
Maximal
Near
Are k and x contrastive in scottish english?
Lock
Loch
^ meaning changes - so yes
Docherty - allophone
Are [p] and [ph] contrastive in Thai?
[paan] like
[pʰaan] tray with pedestal
[baan] classifier
Yes
What are two allophones in Korean language? What are the rules?
/l/ and /r/
Rules; [r] used before vowel, [l] elsewhere
[s] in ‘sit’, ‘soot’, ‘some’, ‘bus’
BUT [x] in ’books’, ‘walks’
[s] and [x] are allophones
Why?
Because of the velar [k]
What is complimentary distribution?
When two allophones are mutually exclusive:
they appear in different environments
What can complimentary distribution sounds not be?
Sounds in complimentary distribution cannot be contrastive
What is free variation?
When allophones are unconditioned by environment
Speaker can choose
E.g. [piʔ] or [pit]
Social information
Region, style
