Phonological Analysis Flashcards
What is the phonological system?
What are the vowels and consonants
What are phonological assessments?
STAP, DEAP, EAT, CLEAR
What happens in phonological assessments?
Child names pictures and therapist transcribes
What are natural features?
Easier to articulate
What is markedness?
Phonetically more complex, less common across languages (th)
What is thought to be the most natural syllable shape?
CV
What are plosives more natural than?
Fricatives
What is more natural:
Voiced or voiceless?
Voiceless
What is the exception for voiceless over voiced?
Approximants
What is a phonological process?
“Processes convert a difficult aspect of phonology into something (the target sound) that is phonologically similar but less difficult or challenging to produce” (McLeod & Baker, 2017, my addition in brackets)
Are natural phonological processes learned?
No they are innate
What affects syllable structure?
Repetition, deletion, reduction etc
What happens in weak syllable deletion with multisyllabic words?
Unstressed syllable is deleted
3;6-4
What happens with reduplication?
Repetition of syllable( usually first) repeated in place of other syllables
2-2;6
What happens in Final consonant deletion?
Deletion of consonant in WF position. Consonant is deleted.
Disappears 3;3-3;6
What happens in cluster reduction?
More than 1 consonant in coda ( WI, WM, WF)
One of these is deleted.
(Stop)- [top]
3-4;0
What is removed in plosive + approximant
Approximant
What is removed in fricative + approximant
Approximant
What is removed in /s/ + plosive/nasal
/s/
/s/ + approximant, what is removed?
Either
What is epenthesis
Insertion of segment in middle of a word
[peliz]
What is metathesis?
Reversal of consonant position
Aminal
What processes affects system?
Processes that describe the changes to consonants or vowels in a word
-Typically, a marked feature replaced with easier feature
What is fronting?
Target consonant produced at an anterior position. velar consonants (VELAR FRONTING) at alveolar
post-alveolar (PALATAL FRONTING) at alveolar
Goat [dot]
Sheep [sip]
What is stopping: fricatives?
Target fricatives produces as homorganic plosive
Sea [ti]
Zoo [du]
What is stopping: affricates?
Target affricate produced as (near) homorganic plosive
J- [d]
What is deaffrication?
Substitution of an affricate with a fricative
What is gliding
Liquid sounds : /l/ & /r/
Produced as glide /j/ & /w/
Ring- [win]
What is Context sensitive voicing: PRE-VOCALIC VOICING?
The loss of voice/voiceless contrast
/p/-[b], /t/-[d]
What is Context sensitive voicing: POST-VOCALIC DEVOICING?
Substitution of voiced with voiceless in SF position
Bag- [bak]
Love- [l^f]
What is Consonant Cluster Simplification
Substitution of one or more consonants with an easier consonant ( marked replaced with natural0
What is alveolarisation?
Substitution of labiodental consonant with an alveolar consonant
Feet – /fit/ ~ [sit]
Thumb – /θʌm/ ~ [sʌm]
What is vocalisation?
Substitution of syllabic consonant such as /l/ with a vowel
Apple – [apo]
What is labialisation?
Substitution of a non-labial consonant with a labial (labiodental or bilabial) consonant.
Sun - /sʌn/ ~ [fʌn]
What is stopping of liquids?
Substitution of a liquid consonant with a plosive consonant
Run - /ɻʌn/ ~ [dʌn]
What ate atypical phonological processes?
Processes that are atypical in English phonological development (some examples)
What is INITIAL consonant deletion
First consonant in SI WI position is deleted
