Phonological Analysis

Question 1

What is the phonological system?

Answer 1

What are the vowels and consonants

Question 2

What are phonological assessments?

Answer 2

STAP, DEAP, EAT, CLEAR

Question 3

What happens in phonological assessments?

Answer 3

Child names pictures and therapist transcribes

Question 4

What are natural features?

Answer 4

Easier to articulate

Question 5

What is markedness?

Answer 5

Phonetically more complex, less common across languages (th)

Question 6

What is thought to be the most natural syllable shape?

Answer 6

CV

Question 7

What are plosives more natural than?

Answer 7

Fricatives

Question 8

What is more natural:

Voiced or voiceless?

Answer 8

Voiceless

Question 9

What is the exception for voiceless over voiced?

Answer 9

Approximants

Question 10

What is a phonological process?

Answer 10

“Processes convert a difficult aspect of phonology into something (the target sound) that is phonologically similar but less difficult or challenging to produce” (McLeod & Baker, 2017, my addition in brackets)

Question 11

Are natural phonological processes learned?

Answer 11

No they are innate

Question 12

What affects syllable structure?

Answer 12

Repetition, deletion, reduction etc

Question 13

What happens in weak syllable deletion with multisyllabic words?

Answer 13

Unstressed syllable is deleted

3;6-4

Question 14

What happens with reduplication?

Answer 14

Repetition of syllable( usually first) repeated in place of other syllables

2-2;6

Question 15

What happens in Final consonant deletion?

Answer 15

Deletion of consonant in WF position. Consonant is deleted.

Disappears 3;3-3;6

Question 16

What happens in cluster reduction?

Answer 16

More than 1 consonant in coda ( WI, WM, WF)
One of these is deleted.
(Stop)- [top]
3-4;0

Question 17

What is removed in plosive + approximant

Answer 17

Approximant

Question 18

What is removed in fricative + approximant

Answer 18

Approximant

Question 19

What is removed in /s/ + plosive/nasal

Answer 19

/s/

Question 20

/s/ + approximant, what is removed?

Answer 20

Either

Question 21

What is epenthesis

Answer 21

Insertion of segment in middle of a word

[peliz]

Question 22

What is metathesis?

Answer 22

Reversal of consonant position

Aminal

Question 23

What processes affects system?

Answer 23

Processes that describe the changes to consonants or vowels in a word
-Typically, a marked feature replaced with easier feature

Question 24

What is fronting?

Answer 24

Target consonant produced at an anterior position. velar consonants (VELAR FRONTING) at alveolar
post-alveolar (PALATAL FRONTING) at alveolar

Goat [dot]
Sheep [sip]

Question 25

What is stopping: fricatives?

Answer 25

Target fricatives produces as homorganic plosive Sea [ti] Zoo [du]

Question 26

What is stopping: affricates?

Answer 26

Target affricate produced as (near) homorganic plosive J- [d]

Question 27

What is deaffrication?

Answer 27

Substitution of an affricate with a fricative

Question 28

What is gliding

Answer 28

Liquid sounds : /l/ & /r/ Produced as glide /j/ & /w/ Ring- [win]

Question 29

What is Context sensitive voicing: PRE-VOCALIC VOICING?

Answer 29

The loss of voice/voiceless contrast | /p/-[b], /t/-[d]

Question 30

What is Context sensitive voicing: POST-VOCALIC DEVOICING?

Answer 30

Substitution of voiced with voiceless in SF position Bag- [bak] Love- [l^f]

Question 31

What is Consonant Cluster Simplification

Answer 31

Substitution of one or more consonants with an easier consonant ( marked replaced with natural0

Question 32

What is alveolarisation?

Answer 32

Substitution of labiodental consonant with an alveolar consonant Feet – /fit/ ~ [sit] Thumb – /θʌm/ ~ [sʌm]

Question 33

What is vocalisation?

Answer 33

Substitution of syllabic consonant such as /l/ with a vowel | Apple – [apo]

Question 34

What is labialisation?

Answer 34

Substitution of a non-labial consonant with a labial (labiodental or bilabial) consonant. Sun - /sʌn/ ~ [fʌn]

Question 35

What is stopping of liquids?

Answer 35

Substitution of a liquid consonant with a plosive consonant | Run - /ɻʌn/ ~ [dʌn]

Question 36

What ate atypical phonological processes?

Answer 36

Processes that are atypical in English phonological development (some examples)

Question 37

What is INITIAL consonant deletion

Answer 37

First consonant in SI WI position is deleted