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Gastoenterology > Vomiting + nausea > Flashcards

Vomiting + nausea Flashcards

1
Q

What is the clinical name for vomiting?

A

Emesis

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2
Q

Which muscles contract in retching and vomiting?

A

Abdominal and diaphragm

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3
Q

What pushes the contents of the stomach and small intestine back up into the oesophagus and mouth in vomiting?

A

Reverse peristalsis

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4
Q

Does the stomach contract during vomiting?

A

No - remains relaxed

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5
Q

How far down are contents ejected from?

A

To the ileocaecal valve

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6
Q

Why is there no resistance to vomitus?

A

Sphincters are relaxed

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7
Q

What is the process of vomiting?

A

Glottis closes - prevent aspiration of contents
Reverse peristalsis
Take a deep breath
Relaxation of lower oesophageal sphincter
Diaphragm and abdominal muscles contract
Chyme enters the oesophagus and exits via the mouth

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8
Q

Which 2 centres in the brainstem do vomiting signals act upon?

A

Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)

NTS

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9
Q

What do the CTZ and NTS act upon?

A

The ‘vomiting centre’ - not an anatomical location

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10
Q

What is the function of 5-HT in the control of vomiting?

A

If an irritant is present in food, 5-HT (serotonin) is released by enterochromaffin cells and diffuses locally to act upon specific receptors on sensory afferent fibres which cause an action potential to the CTZ and NTS centres

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11
Q

What is 5-HT also known as?

A

Serotonin

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12
Q

Why is the CTZ not within the blood-brain barrier?

A

To allow it to detect systemic toxins

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13
Q

What 2 types of neural output are involved in vomiting?

A

Vagal efferent
Somatic motor
(can have combination too)

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14
Q

What is the most important consequence of severe vomiting?

A

Dehydration

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15
Q

Does vomiting cause acidosis/alkalosis?

A

Either:
Acidosis - loss of duodenal contents including bicarbonate
Alkalosis - loss of gastric acid

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16
Q

What is the clinical term for vomiting blood?

A

Haemotemesis

17
Q

Name a dopamine agonist

A

Domperidone

18
Q

Name a 5-HT receptor blocker

A

Granisetron

19
Q

Name an antihistamine reliever of nausea and vomiting

A

Promethazine

20
Q

Name an anticholinergic and state its use

A

Hyosine - motion sickness

21
Q

What is a last resort drug for emesis restricted to hospital treatment?

A

Cannabinoid - Nabilone

22
Q

Name 5 anti-emetic drugs

A 
Domperidone,
Granisatron,
Promethazine,
Hyosine,
Nabilone

Gastoenterology (15 decks)

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