Microbiology

Question 1

How does the normal flora of the GI tract change as you move from mouth to anus?

Answer 1

The number and variety of bugs increases

Question 2

What is the virulence of a pathogen?

Answer 2

The likelihood of it causing disease

Question 3

Which of the structures in the GI tract when inflamed is not an infection issue?

Answer 3

Pancreatitis

Question 4

What are the gram negative bacteria found in the GI tract?

Answer 4

Enterobacteriacea,

Anaerobes

Question 5

What are the gram positive bacteria found in the GI tract?

Answer 5

Enterococcus

Question 6

Which antibiotic works specifically against anaerobes?

Answer 6

Metronidazole

Question 7

What is an infection in the common bile duct called?

Answer 7

Cholangitis

Question 8

What antibiotic is used for gram positive cocci?

Answer 8

Amoxicillin (vancomycin if allergic to penicillin)

Question 9

What is sepsis?

Answer 9

An uncontrolled amplification of an immune response to an infection

Question 10

How is sepsis diagnosed?

Answer 10

If NEWS >5 and infection present = sepsis

Question 11

What combination of antibiotics is given for a GI infection (excluding gastroenteritis)?

Answer 11

Amoxicillin, metronidazole + gentamicin

Question 12

What is the treatment for sepsis?

Answer 12

BUFALO
B- blood cultures, U&Es
U- urine output - monitor hourly 
F- fluid resuscitation
A- antibiotics (IV)
L- lactate measurement
O- oxygen

Question 13

What is the treatment for abscesses and why is this?

Answer 13

Surgery - abscesses have no blood supply so antibiotics won’t reach them

Question 14

What is the antibiotic treatment for enterobacteriacea?

Answer 14

Gentamicin

Question 15

What family of bacteria is E. coli?

Answer 15

Enterobacteriacea

Question 16

What tests are used to assess current infection, past infection and immunity to hepB?

Answer 16

Current infection = surface antigen test
Past infection = core antibody test
Immunity = surface antibody test