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Gastoenterology > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is dyspepsia?

A 
Indigestion
Is a syndrome consisting of:
-Epigastric pain/burning
-Postprandial fullness
-Early satiety
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2
Q

What can H. pylori cause?

A

Reversible gastric cancer

Peptic ulcers

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3
Q

What treatment is given for a duodenal ulcer?

A

PPI (proton pump inhibitor) - Omeprazole

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4
Q

What is the treatment for a H. pylori infection?

A

PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin

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5
Q

What is blood in the stools called?

A

Melaena

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6
Q

What is the most important thing in an upper GI bleed?

A

Resuscitation

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7
Q

What colour of IV access should be used in management of any emergency situation?

A

Grey

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8
Q

What are the 2 major causes of upper GI haemorrhage?

A

Bleeding peptic ulcer

Variceal bleeding

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9
Q

What is the best treatment for a bleeding peptic ulcer?

A 
Endoscopic treatment:
-injection of adrenaline
-clips
-heater probe coagulation
Acid suppression - (PPI -> omeprazole)
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10
Q

Which disease increases risk of varaceal bleeding?

A

Liver cirrhosis

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11
Q

What is the best treatment for a bleeding oesophageal varice?

A

Coagulation therapy - Vit K
Broad spectrum antibiotics - in case of sepsis
Variceal banding
Terlipressin

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12
Q

What are the 3 causes of small bowel obstruction?

A

Within the lumen,
Within the wall,
Outside the wall

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13
Q

What are the signs of small bowel obstruction?

A 
Absolute constipation,
Vomiting,
Burping,
Colicky pain,
Abdominal distension
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14
Q

What investigation should be done for small bowel obstruction?

A

AXR (abdominal X-ray)

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15
Q

What is the treatment for small bowel obstruction?

A

‘Drip and suck’

Resuscitate with fluids and suck for up to 72 hours

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16
Q

What is the risk with mesenteric ischaemia (dead gut)?

A

Infarction which can be fatal to patients

17
Q

How is mesenteric ischaemia diagnosed?

A

Pain out of proportion to clinical findings,

Acidosis on ABGs

18
Q

How is mesenteric ischaemia (dead gut) treated?

A

Emergency surgery - if black and infarcted nothing can be done and will die slowly, if young and fit enough can remove parts of the small bowel

19
Q

What is gastroenteritis?

A

Infective diarrhoea

20
Q

What is the treatment for gastroenteritis?

A

No antibiotics, just supportive management

21
Q

What increases risk of gastroenteritis?

A

Acid suppression (PPI), immunosuppression

22
Q

What is dystentry?

A

Inflammation of the intestine associated with blood and mucous

23
Q

What is the symptom of diarrhoea associated with cholera?

A

Rice-water diarrhoea

24
Q

What causes rapid development of gastroenteritis?

A

Preformed toxins

25
Q

What does shiga toxin/shiga-like toxin cause?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis and cause cell death

26
Q

What organism produces shiga-like toxin?

A

E. coli 0157/STEC/VTEC

27
Q

Why do you not give antibiotics immediately in gastroenteritis?

A

In case it causes HUS (haematuria and renal failure)

28
Q

What is the criteria for diagnosis of IBS?

A 
Rome IV:
Abdominal pain >1day/week for at least 3 months + 2 of:
-related to defecation
-change in stool frequency (bowel habit)
-change in stool appearance

Must be for > 3 months

29
Q

What other disease is associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

Ulcerative colitis

30
Q

What is the first line treatment in UC?

A

Mesalazine

31
Q

What is the maintenance therapy in Crohns?

A

Azathioprine

32
Q

What is koilonychia a sign of?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

33
Q

What are the signs and first line investigation of acute pancreatitis?

A

Signs: severe epigastric pain, radiation to back, nausea
Investigation: Serum amylase

34
Q

What is the protocol following acute hepatitis diagnosis?

A

Supportive management,
Immunise contacts,
Notify public health,
Monitor for encephalopathy

35
Q

Who is at increased risk of HepA?

A

Areas of poor hygiene/overcrowding,
PWID,
Male/male sex

36
Q

What are the signs of coeliac disease and what is the diagnosis based upon?

A

Distended abdomen, failure to thrive, diarrhoea

Diagnosis = biopsy

37
Q

Which antibody is tested for in coeliac disease?

A

Anti-TTG antibody

38
Q

What sign indicates that a gastric ulcer is not the diagnosis in peptic ulcer disease?

A

Pain not exacerbated by eating

39
Q

What are the signs of ischaemic bowel on biopsy?

A

Necrosis, ulceration + granulation

Gastoenterology (15 decks)

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