Volcanos Flashcards
What type of plate boundary is eyjafallokull on?
Constructive plate boundary
Which plates is the volcano on?
North American and Eurasian plate.
When did the explosive eruption occur?
14th march 2010 - ash eruption - eruption ended in May.
What were the primary effects?
- Everything covered In ash = day turned to night
- Ice caps melted = flooding
- highest plume reached 8km
Secondary effects of eruption
- Flights canceled (5days): no planes as ash eroded metal, clogs cooling and fuel systems and melts to form glassy deposits in the jet engines.
- Flooding due to melting glaciers
- 500 farmers evacuated
- Kenya lost $3.8 million dollars a day due to shut down of perishable good export and 50000 farmers temporarily unemployed.
Were is eyjafjallajokul located?
South of Iceland, part of europe, situated south of the arctic circle.
When was the las eruption?
1823
When did the eruptions end?
May
When did the eruptions begin?
March 2010
describe the eruption.
- Magma forced its way through the earths crust from the mantle.
- It found a weakness near the volcanoes summit and burst through.
- The magma experiences a magma drop= gasses fizz.
- Magma is ejected from volcano.
- cold air solidifies the particles
- particles are driven up into the atmosphere by the energy and heat of the eruption.
Spell the name of the volcano
Eyjafjallajökull
Positive effects:
- fertile soil
* tourist attraction (sell ash for lots of money)
Negative impacts:
Farmers left unemployed, floods, ash covering everything = animals couldn’t graze.
Initial response:
- police and rescue teams to evacuate people.
- european airspace closed down = knock on effect on businesses and tourists.
- machines used to clear rivers & prevent water breaking through flood defences.
- move animals to shelter.
Long term responses:
- find ways of monitoring ash concentration and gasses.
- improve forecast models = future disruptions can be minimised.
- rebuild roads and bridges.
Eye jaff jall oh jo kool
EYJAFJALLAJOKULL
How do you remember how to spell the name of the volcano?
Eye jaff jall aj o kull
Yellowstone super volcano
What is a super-volcano?
A volcano which is 1000 times stronger than a normal volcano
Doesn’t have a noticeable cone
Caldera can only be spotted from space
1000km^3 of mass needs to be ejected to be classes as a VEI 8 super erution
Yellowstone super volcano
Where do super-volcanoes form?
Hot spots or destructive plate boundaries
Yellowstone super volcano
How do super-volcanoes form?
1) magma rises from mantle through cracks to the crust.
2)magma chamber develops & grows
3) lava, pyroclastic flow, tephra escape through cracks in crust.
4) magma basin is slowly emptied.
5) magma chamber expelled all of its content = caldera collapses
Resulting in the more lava to be spewed
What is tephra?
Rock fragments and particles ejected by a volcanic eruption
Yellowstone super volcano
Social impacts
Primary: All life within a 1000km2 radius would be killed by ash and lava
Secondary: food shortages = increased costs
Yellowstone super volcano
Economic impacts
Primary: 30cm cm dry ash and 10cm wet = collapse roofs. = very expensive to rebuild.
Secondary: cost Kenya 3.8 million during Iceland eruption!!!!!
Yellowstone super volcano
Environmental impacts
Ash blocks out sun and covers plants = unable to photosynthesis
Triggers rainfall
Drop in global temperature by 10 degrees for 10 yrs
Animals sufocated
