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Geography > Earthquake/ tsunami Case Studies > Flashcards

Earthquake/ tsunami Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the magnitude of 2010 Haiti earthquake?

A

7.0 on the richter scale

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2
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Focus:

A

13km underground

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3
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Epicentre:

A

25km from the capital Port-au-prince

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4
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Plate boundary:

A

Conservative

Atlantic plate and the Caribbean plate.

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5
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Location:

A

Caribbean island
Central america

Surrounded by the atlantic ocean and caribbean sea.

Shares a border with the Dominical Republic.

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6
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Latitudes:

A

Latitude 20-70

Longitude 74-70

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7
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Primary Social impacts:

A
  • 230,000 killed
  • 1.3 million made homeless
  • 3 million people affected.
  • 280,000 buildings damaged
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8
Q

Haiti Earthquake

How many people dies:

A

230,000 people

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9
Q

Haiti Earthquake

How many buildings were badly damaged?

A

250,000 homes

30,000 other buildings

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10
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Number of people affected:

A

3 million

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11
Q

Haiti Earthquake

How many people lost their jobs

A

1/5

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12
Q

Haiti Earthquake

What were the secondary affects on the people of Haiti?

A

Dead left on the streets

Morgues and hospitals full

People squashed in shanty towns.

Over 50% of people below poverty line

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13
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Primary economic impacts:

A
  • Transport and communication links badly damaged

* 60% of government buildings destroyed.

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14
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Secondary economic impacts:

A

Cost of damage = 14 billion

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15
Q

Haiti Earthquake

How many people below the poverty line

A

Over 50%

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16
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Primary environmental impacts:

A

Landscape was completely changed: rubble and debris covered the land

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17
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Secondary environmental impact:

A

Changed landscape = hard to rebuild.

Therefore some areas were uninhabitable.

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18
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Immediate responses:

A

810,000 people were placed in aid camps

Thousands of tents were supplied
A million tarpaulins supplied

Lack of immediate aid = public had to rescue fellow citizens.

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19
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Long term responses:

A

Locals paid to clear the rubble and rebuild buildings.

Temporary schools erected

5% rubble cleared after first year

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20
Q

when did the earthquake in Haiti take place?

A

12th January 2010

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21
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Date:

A

22 February 2011

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22
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Magnitude:

A

6.3 on the richter scale

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23
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Plate boundary:

A

Destructive plate boundary.

Indo- Australian and pacific plate.

Pacific plate being subducted.

24
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Primary social affects:

A

181 people killed

2000 ppl treated for minor injuries

10,000 houses needed to be rebuild.

25
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Number of people killed:

A

181

26
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

How many people were treated for major injury?

A

2000

27
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Secondary impacts:

A
  • Cost NZ $3.5 billion
  • Buildings demolished because they were unsafe
  • liquefaction produced 400,000 tonnes of silt. = cant be built on again.
28
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Total economic cost:

A

NZ $ 3.5 billion

29
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Primary economic effects

A
  • $1.1 billion given to residential property owners.

* economic cost: NZ$ 3.5 billion.

30
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Secondary social effects:

A

Most people able to go back to ordinary life’s soon after quake

31
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Secondary environmental effects:

A
  • landslides & damaged buildings.

* liquefaction = 400,000 tonnes of silt produced & unable to build on.

32
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Secondary economic effects:

A
  • some people left unemployed.

* economy recovered quickly

33
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Immediate responses:

A
  • within 2 hours of quake. Full emergency plan was in place.
  • electricity restored to 95% of people within two weeks.
34
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Secondary responses:

A
  • communities teamed up to restore their neighbourhoods/ local area.
  • 1yr later some areas being rebuild but very few.
35
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

How did they plan and protect?

A
  • people educated in how to react in an earthquake (duck, cover, hold / open spaces/ keep emergency kit)
  • deep foundations and semetrical architecture = more resilience.
36
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

How did they predict?

A
  • seismometer = shows foreshocks.
  • water levels rise in lakes - cracks in rocks.
  • liltermeter checks movement within rocks.
37
Q

Japan tsunami

Location:

A

South east Japan

Epicentre: out at sea. 81 miles east of Sendai.

38
Q

Japan tsunami

When did it occur?

A

Friday 11th March 2011

39
Q

Japan tsunami

Direction of tsunami.

A

NW.

Towards Kesennuma, Sendai, Natori.

40
Q

Japan tsunami

Cities affected:

A

Kesannuma

Natori

Sendai

Tokyo

41
Q

Japan tsunami

Plates involved:

A

Pacific subducted under Eurasian plate.

42
Q

Japan tsunami

Cause:

A

Pressure built up as pacific plate was caught in subduction under the Eurasian plate.
When pressure was release = jolt.
Resulted in up-wave.
Displacement of 10m.

43
Q

Japan tsunami

Size wave reached:

Speed of wave:

A

30m

800km per hour.

44
Q

Japan tsunami

Magnitude of earthquake:

A

8.99 on richter scale.

45
Q

Japan tsunami

Primary social effects:

A
  • 15800 killed
  • 27000 injured.
  • 130,000 buildings demolished.
46
Q

Japan tsunami

Primary environmental effects:

A
  • contaminated crops from damage of nuclear power station.

* 186 mile rupture in ocean floor.

47
Q

Japan tsunami

Primary economic effects:

A

• business placed demolished.

48
Q

Japan tsunami

Secondary social effects:

A
  • 2 million people left homeless.

* 1.5 million households without water.

49
Q

Japan tsunami

Secondary environmental effects:

A
  • 200 fired

* lost $90 billion in shares. (Of land)

50
Q

Japan tsunami

Secondary economic effects:

A
  • materials could not be transported because lines were damages.
  • people lost their jobs.
51
Q

Japan tsunami

People killed:

A

15,800 people killed.

52
Q

Japan tsunami

People injured:

A

17,000 people injured

53
Q

Japan tsunami

Buildings damaged:

A

130,000 buildings totally damaged.

54
Q

Japan tsunami

Immediate responses:

A
  • 1500 boxes of aid sent from around the world.

* fast rate of aid: within mins teams alerted.

55
Q

Japan tsunami

Long term responses:

A
  • gov invested in stronger coastal defences.

* find ways of cutting time between disaster and response with communication & sirens.

56
Q

Japan tsunami

How long until estimated recovery?

A

5 yrs

57
Q

Haiti earthquake

What was the cause of the earthquake?

A

North American plate sliding past the caribbean plate.
One moves faster than the other.
Pressure build up due to friction.
Plates eventually released = earthquake

Geography (14 decks)

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