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Geography > Living World Case Studies > Flashcards

Living World Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

Tropical rainforests:

Causes of deforestation:

A

Farming

Logging

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2
Q

Tropical rainforests:

What types of farming occur?

A

Subsistence farming - sustainable local farmers.

Ranching - deforestation for the farming of cattle.

Growing crops on a large scale.

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3
Q

Tropical rainforests:

What is the purpose of logging?

A

Sell the hard wood for furniture

Sell it to be burned.

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4
Q

Tropical rainforests:

Environmental impacts of deforestation

A

Habitats destroyed = extinction.

Soil erosion = leaching of nutrients = unable to grow crops.

Less photosynthesis. = greenhouse effect.

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5
Q

Tropical rainforests:

Social impacts of deforestation:

A

Soil becomes infertile due to leaching = cant farm = go out of business/ cut down more trees.

Recourses and land cleared for settlement.

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6
Q

Tropical rainforests:

Economic impacts of deforestation:

A

Minerals provide region with vast natural sources.

Hardwood is very valuable.

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7
Q

Tropical rainforests:

How is deforestation sustainably managed?

A

Subsistence burning (slash and burn): cut down small patch of trees. Use land for farming. Move on and allow area to recover.

Involve community programmes - socially sustainable.

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8
Q

Tropical rainforests:

Describe the climate

A
  • 27- 30 degrees all yr round.
  • hot and wet all yr round.

2000 - 3000ml of rain per yr.

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9
Q

Tropical rainforests:

Average temperatures:

A

27 - 30 degrees celsius.

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10
Q

Tropical rainforests:

Rainfall per yr.

A

2000 - 3000 ml per yr

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11
Q

Tropical rainforests:

Distribution:

A

On the equator.

0-10 degrees north and south.

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12
Q

Tropical rainforests:

Characteristics of the vegetation.

A 
•Dense vegetation:
- forest floor
- shrub layer
- understory
- canopy
- emergents
• materials broken down to soil very quickly.
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13
Q

Tropical rainforests:

Characteristics of the soil:

A

•latolus

  • infertile
  • clay - iron and aluminium
  • lots of leaching.
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14
Q

Tropical rainforests:

Adaptions of vegitation

A

• drip tips - shape of leaves to allow water to run off them.
- prevents them from breaking.

  • lianas and epiphytes get their energy from other plants.
  • emergents - grow above the canopy to get sunlight.

• buttress roots stabilise emergents to grow taller.
And because roots don’t go too deep as the nutrients sits in the first hummus layer.

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15
Q

Hot dessert LEDC:

Location:

A

Thar dessert

India and Pakistan.

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16
Q

Hot dessert:

Climate:

A

• 35-40c in the day
0-10c at night
= diurnal range

• very dry.

17
Q

Hot dessert:

Distribution:
Why?

A

• tropics of cancer and capricorn.

Due to:
Moisture at equator, warm = rises and rains ( rainforest)
Then the dry air cools and drops to the desert.

18
Q

Hot dessert:

Adaptions of Vegetation

A

Succulent: stores water in the steams.

Ifemeral plants: bloom with rain. Look dead when dry.

Xerophytic plants =grow in hot dry areas.

Thick waxy surfaces: prevent water loss.

Thorns: prevent water loss. Prevent predators eating them.

19
Q

Tropical rainforests:

Location:

A

Amazon
Brazil
South america.

20
Q

Temperate Deciduous Forest:

Climate:

A

• four distinct seasons
•warm summers (16-20c)
• mild/ cool winters
(-3- -8c)

• 550 - 1500mm of rainfall per yr.

21
Q

Temperate Deciduous Forest:

Distribution:

A

40* and 60* north of the equator.

Mostly found on north.

22
Q

Temperate Deciduous Forest:

Vegetation structure:

A

Undergrowth: bramble, mosses, lichen, ferns, blue bells (spring before trees become denser)

Shrub layer: small trees. 20m tall.

Tree layer: trees (e.g. Oak) grow around 30m tall.

23
Q

Temperate Deciduous Forest:

Soil:

A

Brown earth

Fertile

Slow rotting= nutrients stays in soil longer before taken up by plants.

Very deep.

24
Q

Temperate Deciduous Forest:

Plant adaptions:

A
  • drop leaves in autumn to reduce water loss when the soil is frozen. And to save energy as little light for photosynthesis.
  • wildflowers grow in spring before leaves grow back so they have enough light.
25
Q

Case study: Mojave Desert (MEDC)

Location:

A

South west USA

26
Q

Case study: Mojave Desert (MEDC)

Economic uses:

A 
• TOURISM 
    -Las Vegas
    - Death Valley
    - Monument valley
• mineral extraction
• commercial farming e.g. Cattle ranches
• people retire there because of hot weather.
27
Q

Case study: Mojave Desert (MEDC)

Challenges they face:

A

• no sustainable water source
- redirected colorado river and Hover Dam.
• damage from tourism

28
Q

Hot desert:

Characteristics of the soil:

A

Dry, sandy, rocky

Little organic matter

Water evaporates quickly
= layer of salt on surface
=salinisation

29
Q

Case study: Mojave Desert (MEDC)

Management for a sustainable future:

A

Arizona irrigation project

Canals that take water from river to cities

Xerophytic gardens

Solar panels - biggest solar farm

30
Q

Case study: Thar desert (LEDC)

Economic uses

A

Mostly subsistence farming

Indira Gandhi canal = commercial farming

Marble quarries

Trading of camel milk/wool/ blood (cure for cancer?)

Tourism

31
Q

Case study: Thar desert (LEDC)

Impacts of these used:

A

Population pressure

Carrying capacity exceeded

32
Q

Case study: Thar desert (LEDC)

Management for a sustainable future:

A

Using cow pats as fertiliser

National parks - 3000km^2
= educates ppl
= prevents growth of cities

Reforesting areas eg) bur trees
=sell fruit & prevent erosion

Solar panels

33
Q

Case study: Temperate deciduous woodland

Uses of timber

A

Burning

Building

Uk imports 85% of their timber
= most of ours is protected

34
Q

Case study: Temperate deciduous woodland

Uses of the forest

A

Tourism
-biking,walking, bird watching etc

Recreation = trample vegetation

BBQ = forest fires

Deforestation
= destruction of forest and soil erosion

35
Q

Case study: Temperate deciduous woodland

Name:

A

National forest

36
Q

Case study: Temperate deciduous woodland

Methods of management

A

Recreation = footpaths and signposts

BBQ = fire pits, places to dispose of fires

Selective logging

Replanting trees

Involve young people = more involved and have reason to protect it

Conservation areas

SSSI

Geography (14 decks)

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