Urbanisation Flashcards
What do people use to explain the layout of urban areas?
- An urban model
E.g. The burgess model
What does morphology mean?
Describes the internal structure of a city.
Describe a burgess model.
Four points
- 5 concentric circles
- centre = CBD
- City grows outwards
- based on Chicago
What are the urban zones/ functional zones of the burgess model?
- CBD
- inner city
- suburbs
- rural/ urban fringe
List the problems with the burgess model (three points)
- out of date. Based on City before mass car ownership
- doesn’t take into account that ppl choose to work in rural-urban fringe
- every city is different
Give 3 land uses in the CBD.
🏦🏬🏨
- offices for financial firms and banks
- specialist shops like jewlers
- department stores
- retail parks
- high multi-story buildings
Give examples of land use for inner cities
-High density residential housing
E.g. Terraced housing and flats.
Give 3 examples of land use for suburbs.
- industry e.g factories
- detached housing with front and back gardens.
- farms
Give examples 3 of land use for the rural/ urban fringe
- farms for agriculture, livestock
- factories
- villages
What does the CBD look like?
Tall buildings Modern Congested Very busy during the day Empty at night
What does the inner city look like?
Can be deralict Polluted Visual pollution Old Victorian style houses Terraced houses Concrete high rise flats
What do the suburbs look like?
Open spaces
New - clean
What does the rural urban fringe look like?
Open spaces
Natural - green
Little infrastructure
Clean
What is the population like in the CBD?
- Commuters
- Business owners
- Tourists
- The wealthy can afford houses in the centre
What is the population like in the Inner city?
Densely populated Immigrants Homeless Students Pensioners Single parent families
What is the population like in the Suburbs?
Retired
Middle class
Professionals
Families
What is the quality of life in the CBD?
expensive land value Busy Noisy High stress Modern
What is the quality of life in the inner city?
Crime
Poor
High stress
Traditional
What is the quality of life in the Suburbs?
Friendly
Safe
Healthy
Low stress
What is the quality of life in the Rural urban fringe?
Peaceful/lonely
Boring
Old fashioned
Low stress
What is urbanisation?
An increase in the percentage of people living in urban areas.
On a map how wold you find the inner city? And why does it look like this?
Look for:
- grid iron street pattern = no space is wasted
- terraced housing leading straight onto street = easy to get to work
- old housing built in 19 and 20th century for factory workers
On a map how wold you find the suburbs? And why does it look like this?
- larger open spaces =built for recreation (gardens, parks) - detached and semi detached housing = lower land value so bigger housing. - irregular roads = built out from the city
On a map how wold you find the CBD? And why does it look like this?
- irregular building sizes = shops, banks, cultural activity, -few residential areas = dense land use so high land value. - lots of roads =leading to as many places as possible Using high density transport/ public transport.
Give 3 or more examples of urban issues in MEDCs
- Pollution (of all kinds)
- Derelict ion
- Cultural conflict
- Poverty
- Congestion
- Land prices
- Crime
What is greenfield land?
Land that has not been built on before
What is brownfield land?
Land that has been built on before
What are the advantages of building on brownfield sites?
- make use of wastelands
- improves quality of area
- already has infrastructure e.g. Water and electricity
- roads already exist
- near to facilities
- gentrification
What do you call land that hasn’t been built on?
Greenfield
What do you call land that has already been built on?
Brownfield
What are the disadvantages of building on brownfield sites?
- expensive
- puts pressure on local schools/ work
What are the advantages of building on greenfield sites?
- More attractive
- don’t need to clear the area
- more space
- not restrictions with surrounding roads an buildings.
What are disadvantages of building on greenfield sites?
- Country roads are congested
- wildlife driven away
- countryside becomes less peaceful
- more services needed
List 5 urban issues in MEDCs
High land prices Pollution Over population Dereliction Crime Cultural conflict Poverty Congestion
What 5 inner city issues? (In MEDCs)
- Dereliction
- Overcrowding
- Unemployment = poverty = depression isolation and other health issues.
- crime
- Declining industry
- Child safety issues
What is gentrification
Process of housing improvement in a city led my inderviduals
What are some positive results of gentrification?
- Provide jobs
- Increases quality of living
- The ‘purchasing power’ increases in the area
- businesses and services in the area increase = more jobs.
What are some negative results of gentrification?
- house prices shoot up
- more properties are purchases for renovation = fewer houses on the market
- friction between newcomers and locals.
What is a squatter settlement?
An area of the city (usually outskirts) that is built by people out of any material available to them. On land that does not belong to them.
List 5 urban issues in MEDCs
High land prices Pollution Over population Dereliction Crime Cultural conflict Poverty Congestion
What 5 inner city issues? (In MEDCs)
- Dereliction
- Overcrowding
- Unemployment = poverty = depression isolation and other health issues.
- crime
- Declining industry
- Child safety issues
What is gentrification
Process of housing improvement in a city led my inderviduals
What are some positive results of gentrification?
- Provide jobs
- Increases quality of living
- The ‘purchasing power’ increases in the area
- businesses and services in the area increase = more jobs.
What are some negative results of gentrification?
- house prices shoot up
- more properties are purchases for renovation = fewer houses on the market
- friction between newcomers and locals.
What is a squatter settlement?
An area of the city (usually outskirts) that is built by people out of any material available to them. On land that does not belong to them.
List 5 urban issues in MEDCs
High land prices Pollution Over population Dereliction Crime Cultural conflict Poverty Congestion
What 5 inner city issues? (In MEDCs)
- Dereliction
- Overcrowding
- Unemployment = poverty = depression isolation and other health issues.
- crime
- Declining industry
- Child safety issues
What is gentrification
Process of housing improvement in a city led my inderviduals
What are some positive results of gentrification?
- Provide jobs
- Increases quality of living
- The ‘purchasing power’ increases in the area
- businesses and services in the area increase = more jobs.
What are some negative results of gentrification?
- house prices shoot up
- more properties are purchases for renovation = fewer houses on the market
- friction between newcomers and locals.
What is a squatter settlement?
An area of the city (usually outskirts) that is built by people out of any material available to them. On land that does not belong to them.
List 5 urban issues in MEDCs
High land prices Pollution Over population Dereliction Crime Cultural conflict Poverty Congestion
What 5 inner city issues? (In MEDCs)
- Dereliction
- Overcrowding
- Unemployment = poverty = depression isolation and other health issues.
- crime
- Declining industry
- Child safety issues
What is gentrification
Process of housing improvement in a city led my inderviduals
What are some positive results of gentrification?
- Provide jobs
- Increases quality of living
- The ‘purchasing power’ increases in the area
- businesses and services in the area increase = more jobs.
What are some negative results of gentrification?
- house prices shoot up
- more properties are purchases for renovation = fewer houses on the market
- friction between newcomers and locals.
What is a squatter settlement?
An area of the city (usually outskirts) that is built by people out of any material available to them. On land that does not belong to them.
List 5 urban issues in MEDCs
High land prices Pollution Over population Dereliction Crime Cultural conflict Poverty Congestion
What 5 inner city issues? (In MEDCs)
- Dereliction
- Overcrowding
- Unemployment = poverty = depression isolation and other health issues.
- crime
- Declining industry
- Child safety issues
What is gentrification
Process of housing improvement in a city led my inderviduals
What are some positive results of gentrification?
- Provide jobs
- Increases quality of living
- The ‘purchasing power’ increases in the area
- businesses and services in the area increase = more jobs.
What are some negative results of gentrification?
- house prices shoot up
- more properties are purchases for renovation = fewer houses on the market
- friction between newcomers and locals.
What is a squatter settlement?
An area of the city (usually outskirts) that is built by people out of any material available to them. On land that does not belong to them.
