Volcanic case studies 3.1.2 Flashcards
Mount Pinatubo
date,location
Philippines
1991
Mount Pinatubo
plate boundary
Continental Eurasian plate & Oceanic Philippine plate
destructive plate boundary
Mount Pinatubo
hazards, effects
- violent volcanic eruptions & earthquakes
- 350+ people died
- 200,000+ people left homeless
- fine ash fell as far away as the Indian ocean
- villages destroyed
- $700 million damage costs
- large amounts of crops destroyed
E15 Volcano
date, location
- Iceland
- 2010
E15 Volcano
plate boundary
- Constructive/divergent plate boundary
- plates ‘repel’ each other
- driven by convection currents
E15 Volcano
hazards, effects
- affected/ caused cancellation of thousands of flights in Europe
- $4.6 billion loss to the global economy
- 10 million travellers affected
- crops loss
- flooding, damage to homes + infrastructure
- everyone safely evacuated
- water shortage for locals
Volcan de Fuego
date, location
- 2018
- In Guatemala, Central America
Volcan de Fuego
plate boundary
- destructive plate boundary
- subduction
- area of extra hot mantle melted material underneath = rose up
Volcan de Fuego
hazards. effects
- affected 1.7 million people in the country
- high active
- $12 billion economic loss
- almost 200 people died
- 1200 evacuated
- locals believe the death toll was made up by the government - thousands more
- 69 communities at high flood risk due to lahars
example of pyroclastic flows/surges
St Pierre, Martinique
1902
30,000 people killed
example of lava flows
1783
Iceland
10,000+ people died
largest lava disaster ever
example of volcanic gases
1984 Cameroon outburst of gas = 100m fountain = dense cloud 1746 people died 8000 livestock died
example of lahars
Mount Pinatubo, Philippines
lahars are regular
threat to 100,000 people
example of volcanic landslides
Mt St Helens
2.7km3 of material set off by heavy rainfall/earthquakes
example of Jokulhlaups
1996 Iceland melt water lake burst side fissure = flood = 2nd biggest in world $14 million damage
