1.1.10: Human activity and management on coasts Flashcards
Positive impacts of coastal processes on human activity
6
Recreation and tourism residential job opportunities agriculture industry transportation
Agriculture in coastal areas
example
Can drain tidal mud flats to use for farming
Industry in coastal areas
example
Rias provide deep water ports needed for importing material
Transportation in coastal areas
example
Rias allow deep water vessels to travel inland and flat marine terraces above sea level are ideal for rail and road communications
Reasons tourists attracted to coastal areas
4
natural features
deep water ports have cruise ships
rebranding and marketing by coastal resorts
to visit places from tv or films
Negative environmental impacts of tourism in coastal areas
3
footpath erosion
damage to ecosystems
unsustainable demand for water
Negative social and economic impacts of tourism on coastal areas
6
infrastructure overload
commercialisation of local culture
increase in second home owners
vulnerability of reliance on 1 economic activity
closing of facilities out of season
many of the jobs are seasonal and low- paid
Positive social and economic impacts of tourism on coastal areas
2
local people earn a living through providing services for tourists
multiplier effect
Negative impacts of coastal processes on human activity
6
rapid mass movement events coastal erosion loss of beach sediment erosion of vulnerable ecosystems sea-level rise increase in sediment input
Management strategies
5
do nothing managed retreat/ realignment hold the line advance the line limited intervention
Management strategy
do nothing
Allows natural processes such as coastal erosion to continue
Management strategy
Managed retreat/ realignment
Allows the shoreline to move inland by erosion or flooding to a new line of defence
Management strategy
Hold the line
The present shoreline is protected by a variety of hard and soft engineering
Management strategy
Advance the line
The shoreline is moved seawards either using hard engineering structures or by encouraging sand dune growth
Management strategy
Limited intervention and examples
Deals with the problem to some extent
eg: encouraging growth of salt marshes or sand dunes or raising buildings
Choice of management strategy depends on these factors
4
Feasibility
Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)
Environmental impact analysis (EIA)
Risk assessment
Feasibility
and example
Considers the technical aspects
for example: is an engineering solution possible given marine processes and factors such as geology?
Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)
Divides the value of the benefits by costs and benefits should outweigh the costs for a strategy to be adopted
Environmental impact analysis (EIA)
Considers the effects on the environment on the immediate area and down the coast
Risk assessment
and example
Weighs up the value of what is at risk against management strategy
eg: Considers factors such as recurrence intervals of storms and the strategy to prevent and how long it should last
Examples of hard engineering
8
sea walls rock armour revetments gabions groynes drainage offshore bars rock bund
Sea walls
Concrete structures at the cliff foot absorb wave energy
Rock armour
Large rocks placed to absorb wave energy
Revetments
Wooden or concrete structures that absorb wave energy while allowing some flow of sediment
