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MRCS Sciences deck > voice shot > Flashcards

voice shot Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenaline effect on sugar

A

Adrenaline affects the alpha receptors to inhibit insulin and the B receptors to stimulate glycogen release

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2
Q

What is physiological dead space increased by

A

PE

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3
Q

In stress, what decreases

A

Insulin, testosterone and oestrogen

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4
Q

What does cholestatic jaundice reduce the absorption of

A

Vitamin K

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5
Q

What are the factor deficiencies in a massive transfusion

A

Factor 5 and factor 8

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6
Q

Cells of the intestines

A

G cells - Gastrin from the antrum of the stomach
I cells - Cholecystokinin from the upper small intestine
S cells - Secretin from the upper small intestine
D cells - Somatostatin and from the pancreas

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7
Q

What is bleeding time a measure of

A

The platelet function

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8
Q

How does adrenaline affect pancreatic secretions?

A

alpha-adrenergic receptors inhibit insulin and Beta-adrenergic receptors stimulate glucagon

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9
Q

Drugs causing SIADH

A

Analgesics
Barbituates
Cyclophosphamide
Diuretics

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10
Q

CSF

A

70% produced by the choroid plexus and 30% from the blood vessels

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11
Q

What is the most common cause for Addison’s disease

A
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12
Q

What is the 60-40-20 rule

A

60% is water
40% is intracellular
20% is extracellular
5% is plasma

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13
Q

How is adrenaline released?

A

Pre-ganglionic splanchnic nerves. Works on the chromaffin cells

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14
Q

What is the first response to hypothermia?

A

Vasoconstriction and then shivering.

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15
Q

What suppresses the release of prolactin

A

Dopamine

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16
Q

What happens to 2,3 DPG and the o2 dissociation curve in chronic anemia

A

2,3 DPG increases and hence the curve shifts to the right

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17
Q

What happens to transferrin acute infection

A

Decreases

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18
Q

What is the pre load the same as

A

End diastolic volume

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19
Q

Why be careful in giving B blockers to patients in renal failure

A

Can cause hyperkalemia

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20
Q

Strokes

A

ACA: contralateral hemi and lower more affected than upper
PCA: Visual loss contralateral
MCA: Both but this time the upper limbs are more affected than the lowe limbs
Wallenberg syndrome or lateral medullary syndrome is caused by posterior inferior cerebellar artery and has ipsilateral symptoms, ataxia but there is no weakness and only sensory loss, Uncoordinated movements
Lacunar: Isolates hemi with ataxia or just isolated hemi
Weber syndrome: CN3 palsy as it is PCA stroke at the level of the midbrain

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21
Q

Bitemporal hemianopia

A

The upper quad defect caused by craniphyrangeoma as the lesion goes upwards and attacks from down
Opposite for pituitary adenoma

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22
Q

Ependydoma

A

33% of CNS tumours below the age of 3. Commonly arise in the 4th ventricle and can extend into foramen magendie and lushka

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23
Q

How is fasciola hepatica transported

A

By eating water cress. It is also known as liver fluke and is a nematode
Diagnose by still sample or cytology
Can be transported by cattle and sheep as well

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24
Q

E coli

A

gram negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped

25
Strep bovis
Associated with carcinoma of the colon and also endocarditis
26
Campylobacter jejuni
Most common cause of diarrhoea worldwide. Bloody and diffuse diarrhoea A gram-negative, microaerophilic genus of bacteria of the family Campylobacteriacae
27
FACT
Fournier gangrene eat the skin of the scrotum but SPARES the testes
28
FACT
Tertiary syphilis are associated with gomma
29
FACT
Actinomyces is associated with sulfur granules
30
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ova and cysts in the stool in someone who has visited sub-Saharan Africa tx is mebendazole
31
Entamoeba Vermicularis
bum worms and caught with tapes. Tx with mebendazole
32
The child needs of IVI
below 10 kg is 100ml/kg/day next 10kg is 50ml/kg/day above 20 is 20 ml/kg/day
33
What is the triad of TURP syndrome
FLuid overload, hyponatraemia and glycene toxicity
34
What is the inotrope that is ok to administer peripherally?
meteraminol
35
FFP and platelet transfusion
Can cause hypocalcaemia as has chelating agents such as citrate
36
Orchidopexy in a 3 month old type of suture used
5/0 vicryl rapide
37
What is the Jenkins rule
What is Jenkins Rule? It is a rule for closure of the abdominal wound. It states that for a continuous suture, the length of suture used should be at least four times the length of the wound with sutures 1cm apart and with 1cm bites of the wound edge.
38
About glutarldehyde
It is used to clean endoscopes but needs to be removed before use as there is a high risk of developing allergy or even having an allergic reaction
39
RTA or abdominal trauma in Pregnancy
Do an emergency CT as FAST scan may not be the best in this instance
40
The most common diaphragmatic hernia
Bochdalek - Back
41
Cushing ulcers
Associated with BI or tumour and can perforate and be present in the stomach or duodenum
42
Osteomalacia
Demineralisation of the bone Low Ca and phosphatase and raised ALP
43
What is caisson disease
Another term for decomp sickness
44
Giant cell tumour
Soap bubble appearance and often metastasize to the lung
45
Osteopetrosis
On radiology it seems as though there is no differentiation between the cortex and the medulla. These bones are very dense and brittle
46
Klumpe - Claw - low
Klumpke is causes claw and is associated with lower trunk palsy
47
Hemi vs total thyroidectomy
Below 4cm then hemi otherwise total
48
Parathyroid excision
Look golden yellow and sinks down in the saline glass, This is how you would differentiate between parathyroid gland and fat. Also Ca would come down in 10 mins
49
FACT
Radiotherapy is standard post breast resections
50
Melanoma with mets and needs surgery and also has a DVT
IV heparin and perform surgery
51
FACT
Long thoracic nerve arrises from C5 - C7
52
Coeliac disease
Splenic atrophy crypt hypertrophy hypocalcaemia due to low absorption and villous atrophy Associated with T cell lymphoma and dermatitis herpetiforms
53
FACT
In a pulp infection, there is no space and hence there may not be any fluctuating. Hence, it needs to be released and can cause osteomyelitis and sever hand infection.
54
Most common tumour for pathological bone fracture
Breast
55
Extravasation
Hyaluronidase for extravasation of contrast material, TPN and vinca alkaloids and cold compress for chemo (doxo for eg).
56
CMV post transplant tx
Gancinovir tx for relapse
57
Tx rejection
Hyperacute IgG mediated
58
Which breast disease is leaf-like and has papillary projections
Phyllodes tumour

MRCS Sciences deck (16 decks)

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