Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MRCS Sciences deck > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Contents of the greater sciatic foramen

A

Suprapiriform foramen:

Superior gluteal artery and vein
Superior gluteal nerve

Infrapiriform foramen:

Sciatic nerve
Pudendal nerve
Inferior gluteal artery and vein
Inferior gluteal nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Nerve to obturator internus
Nerve to quadratus femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Contents of the lesser sciatic foramen

A

Internal pudendal artery and vein
Pudendal nerve (note the pudendal nerve first leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, and then re-enters via the lesser sciatic foramen)
Obturator internus tendon
Nerve to obturator internus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following is the remnant of the fused sacral intervertebral discs?

A

Transverse ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

At which vertebral level does the dural sac terminate?

A

S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many vertebrae normally comprise the coccyx?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the anococcygeal raphe?

A

To support the Anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Coccydynia

A

Coccydynia refers to a sensation of general discomfort around the coccyx, and has a wide range of causes. Childbirth may be a cause, as the stretching of pelvic floor muscles during labour puts pressure on their attachment to the coccyx, causing pain. Blunt trauma can contribute, as can poor posture when cycling or rowing, leading to irritation of the bone.

Normally coccydynia is an acute condition, although if the pain lasts for more than 3 months it is considered chronic, and requires more specialised treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common presenting tumour of the newborn

A

A sacrococcygeal teratoma is a tumor of the coccyx that is thought to derive from the embryological primitive streak. Mostly they are benign, although 12% of the time they are malignant and life-threatening. They are present in 1/35,000 live births, and so are the most common presenting tumor in newborns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are the testes originally located during embryonic development?

A

Posterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which part of the urethra do the bulbourethral ducts empty into? What is the epithelial lining of the bulbourethral glands?

A

Spongy and simple columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which early developmental structure gives rise to the phallus in males and clitoris in females?

A

Genital tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the lining of the urethra

A

The urethra is lined by stratified columnar epithelium, which is protected from the corrosive urine by mucus secreting glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The parasympathetic supply to the vulva is via the cavernous nerves. Which nerve plexus do they arise from?

A

Uterovaginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of the following is the remnant of the fused sacral intervertebral discs?

A

Transverse ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are the testes originally located during embryonic development?

A

Posterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the apex of the bladder

A

The apex of the bladder is located superiorly, pointing towards the pubic symphysis. It is connected to the umbilicus by the median umbilical ligament (a remnant of the urachus).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the ligaments of the penis

A

Suspensory ligament – a condensation of deep fascia. It connects the erectile bodies of the penis to the pubic symphysis.
Fundiform ligament – a condensation of abdominal subcutaneous tissue. It runs down from the linea alba, surrounding the penis like a sling, and attaching to the pubic symphysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the bulbourethral glands?

A

Simple columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the navicular fossa

A

In the glans (head) of the penis, the penile urethra dilates to form the navicular fossa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

During its course, the pudendal nerve crosses which ligament?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A 25 year old woman presents to her primary care physician with tenderness and swelling of the vulva. Infective Bartholinitis is suspected.

Where in the perineum are the Bartholin’s glands located?

A

Superficial perineal pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Posterior border of the perineum

A

In terms of surface anatomy, the posterior border of the perineum is the superior end of the intergluteal cleft. The anatomical posterior border is the tip of the coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the afferent supply of the penis

A

Dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris – innervates the skin of the penis or clitoris. Thus, responsible for the afferent component of penile and clitoral erection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What structure are the seminal glands derived from?

A

Mesonephric duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

At which vertebral level does the dural sac terminate?

A

s2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How is a patient’s ‘true’ leg length measured?

A

ASIS to medial malleolus

27
Q

Which vulval structure is embryologically derived from the urethral folds?

A

Labia minora

28
Q

On which vertebra are the coccygeal cornua found?

A

Co1

29
Q

How many vertebrae normally comprise the coccyx?

A

4

30
Q

Which part of the male urethra receives secretions from the seminal vesicle glands?

A

Prostatic

31
Q

The cremaster muscle is derived from which abdominal wall muscle?

A

Internal oblique

32
Q

What relationship does the rectum have with the peritoneum?

A

Covers the anterior and lateral parts of the upper third and only the anterior in the middle third

33
Q

What part of the ischium is palpable PV

A

Ischial spine

34
Q

Most common lymph nodes mets for the cervix

A

Obtruator nodes

35
Q

What is the greater and the lesser sciatic foramen separated by

A

Sacrospinous ligament

36
Q

Which of the sacroiliac ligaments are strongest and weakest

A

The interosseous ones are the strongest and the. anterior ones are the weakest

37
Q

What are the sensory fibres of the ureter

A

T11 - L2

38
Q

Urethra cheat sheet

A

Prostatic: Receives ejaculatory ducts and is the widest
Membranous: Narrowest and is surrounded by the external sphincter
Bulbous or penile: Bulbourethral glands

39
Q

Where does the cremasteric artery arise from

A

The inferior epigastric

40
Q

Where does the artery to the vas deferens arise from

A

The inferior vesicle

41
Q

What is the arrangement of the muscles of the vas deferens

A

Long - circ - long

42
Q

What is the bulbourethral gland function

A

Has glycoproteins
* Serves as lubrication medium for the urethra and the tip of the penis.
* Expels any residue of urine, dead cells or mucous through the urethral meatus, preparing a clean and lubricated pathway for ejaculation.
* Helps to neutralise residual acidity in the male urethra (secretions are alkaline).

43
Q

What is the functions of the seminal vesicles

A
  • Alkaline fluid – neutralises the acidity of the male urethra and vagina in order to facilitate the survival of spermatozoa.
  • Fructose – provides an energy source for spermatozoa.
  • Prostaglandins – have a role in suppressing the female immune response to foreign semen.
  • Clotting factors – designed to keep semen in the female reproductive tract post-ejaculation.
44
Q

Where is the labia majora derived from

A

o Embryologically derived from urethral folds

45
Q

Where is the labia minora derived from

A

o Embryologically derived from labioscrotal swellings

46
Q

Where is the clitoris derived from

A

o Embryologically derived from the genital tubercle

47
Q

Where are the ovarian vessels contained

A

Suspensory ligament of the ovaries

48
Q

Where are the Uterine vessels contained

A

Cardinal ligament or the transverse cervical ligament

49
Q

A 78 year old man presents with metastatic spinal cord compression from prostate cancer at the vertebral level L3.

The patient reports a 2 month history of bladder incontinence.

Which part of the micturition reflex is likely to be affected?

A

Pelvic nerve (Parasympathetic)

50
Q

Neuropathy of the pudendal nerve can result in faecal incontinence.

Which branch of the pudendal nerve innervates the external anal sphincter?

A

Inferior rectal

51
Q

Which of the following statements correctly describes the apex of the bladder?

A

Connected to umbilicus by the median umbilical ligament

52
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the urethra?

A

Stratified columnar

53
Q

The parasympathetic supply to the vulva is via the cavernous nerves. Which nerve plexus do they arise from?

A

Uterovaginal

54
Q

Which part of the urethra do the bulbourethral ducts empty into?

A

Spongy

55
Q

Which of the following vessels is not a direct tributary of the internal iliac vein?

A

The superior rectal vein becomes the inferior mesenteric vein. It does not empty into the internal iliac vein.

56
Q

Which part of the male urethra receives secretions from the seminal vesicle glands?

A

Prostatic

57
Q

Epithelium of the vagina

A

The stratified squamous epithelium provides protection and is lubricated by cervical mucus (the vagina itself does not contain any glands).

58
Q

What relationship does the rectum have with the peritoneum

A

Ant and lat in the upper third and ant in the middle third

59
Q

Which muscle is involved in piriformis syndrome

A

Sciatic nerve

60
Q

How would you treat a hydrocele in adults vs children

A

In children it may occur as a result of a patent processus vaginalis.
Treatment in adults is with a Lords or Jabouley procedure.
Treatment in children is with trans inguinal ligation of PPV.

61
Q

What are the fascial layers surrounding the rectum

A

Fascial layers surrounding the rectum:
Anteriorly lies the fascia of Denonvilliers
Posteriorly lies Waldeyers fascia

62
Q

Origin and positioning of the pudendal canal

A

The pudendal canal is located along the lateral wall of the ischioanal fossa at the inferior margin of the obturator internus muscle. It extends from the lesser sciatic foramen to the posterior margin of the urogenital diaphragm. It conveys the internal pudendal vessels and nerve.

63
Q
A

MRCS Sciences deck (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions