Anatomy Deck Flashcards
Female urethra lymphatic drainage
Internal iliac nodes
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle
Superiorly Inguinal ligament
Laterally Sartorius
Medially Adductor longus
Floor Iliopsoas, adductor longus and pectineus
Roof Fascia lata and Superficial fascia
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes (palpable below the inguinal ligament)
Long saphenous vein
What is the nerve root value of the external urethral sphincter
s2 s3 s4
Common Nerve Injuries and Surgery
Posterior triangle lymph node biopsy and accessory nerve lesion.
Lloyd Davies stirrups and common peroneal nerve.
Thyroidectomy and laryngeal nerve.
Anterior resection of rectum and hypogastric autonomic nerves.
Axillary node clearance; long thoracic nerve, thoracodorsal nerve and intercostobrachial nerve.
Inguinal hernia surgery and ilioinguinal nerve.
Varicose vein surgery- sural and saphenous nerves.
Posterior approach to the hip and sciatic nerve.
Carotid endarterectomy and hypoglossal nerve.
Hypokalaemia and metabolism
Hypokalaemia leads to alkalosis and urine acidosis. Hyper leads to the opposite.
Which of the following structures would be encountered first during a posterior approach to the hilum of the right kidney?
Ureter
As the catheter enters the prostatic urethra which of the following changes will occur?
Resistance will DECREASE
At what site is most dietary iron absorbed?
Duodenum
What is the arterial blood supply to the lacrimal apparatus
Ophthalmic artery
At what level do the renal arteries generally leave the aorta
L2
Through which of the following foramina does the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve exit the abdominal cavity?
Deep inguinal ring
Where are sarcomas usually found
In the extremities (40%)
Loss of taste sensation from the posterior third of the tongue is most likely the result to an injury to which of the structures listed below?
Glossopharyngeal
From which of the following is the tunica vaginalis derived?
Peritoneum
This dorsalis pedis vessel is the continuation of which of the following?
Anterior tibial artery
What are the borders of the anatomical snuff box
Posterior border: Tendon of extensor pollicis longus
Anterior border: Tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
Proximal border: Styloid process of the radius
Distal border: Apex of snuffbox triangle
Floor: Trapezium and scaphoid
Content: Radial artery
How do you manage nutritional TPN and decide how much to give
For people not severely ill and not at risk of refeeding syndrome aim to give
25-35 kcal/kg/day (lower if BMI > 25)
0.8-1.5g protein /kg/day
30-35 ml fluid/kg/day
Adequate electrolytes, minerals, vitamins
Severely ill patients aim to give < 50% of the energy and protein levels over the first 24-48h.
For people at high risk of the refeeding syndrome:
Start at up to 10 kcal/kg/day increasing to full needs over 4-7 days
Start immediately before and during feeding: oral thiamine 200-300mg/day, vitamin B co strong 1 tds and supplements
Give K+ (2-4 mmol/kg/day), phosphate (0.3-0.6 mmol/kg/day), magnesium (0.2-0.4 mmol/kg/day)
Where do the adrenal arteries arise from
Superior adrenal arteries- from the inferior phrenic artery
Middle adrenal arteries - from the aorta
Inferior adrenal arteries -from the renal arteries
Epiploic foramen
The epiploic foramen has the following boundaries:
Anteriorly (in the free edge of the lesser omentum): Bile duct to the right, portal vein behind and hepatic artery to the left.
Posteriorly: Inferior vena cava
Inferiorly: 1st part of the duodenum
Superiorly: Caudate process of the liver
During liver surgery bleeding may be controlled using a Pringles manoeuvre, this involves placing a vascular clamp across the anterior aspect of the epiploic foramen. Thereby occluding:
Common bile duct
Hepatic artery
Portal vein
What is the blood supply of the ureter
The proximal ureter is supplied by branches from the renal artery. For the other feeding vessels
Other info:
25-35 cm long
Muscular tube lined by transitional epithelium
Surrounded by thick muscular coat. Becomes 3 muscular layers as it crosses the bony pelvis
Retroperitoneal structure overlying transverse processes L2-L5
Lies anterior to bifurcation of iliac vessels
Blood supply is segmental; renal artery, aortic branches, gonadal branches, common iliac and internal iliac
Lies beneath the uterine artery
What attaches the periosteum to the bone
Sharpey’s fibres
External iliac artery thrombus
BK fasciotomy and embolectomy to prevent re-perfusion related compartment syndrome
Bochdalek hernias
The finding of a scaphoid abdomen and respiratory distress suggests extensive intra thoracic herniation of the abdominal contents
APTT and PT factors
PT: Vitamin K dependent factors 2, 7, 9, 10
APTT: Factors 8, 9, 11, 12