voice disorders Flashcards
what are the extrinsic laryngeal muscles of larynx
- supra hyoid
- infahyoid
(pg. 344)
what are the supra hyoid muscles
- mylohyoid
- geniohyoid
- anterior belly of the digastric
- hyoglossus
- styloglossus
(pg. 344)
what are the infra hyoid muscles?
- thyrohyoid
- sternohyoid
- sternoghyroid
- omohyoid
- inferior constrictor
(pg. 344)
what are the abductor muscle(s) of the larynx
- posterior cricoarytenoid
pg. 344
what are the adductor muscles of the larynx
- lateral cricoarytenoids
- interarytenoids (oblique and transverse)
(pg. 344)
what are the tensor muscles of the larynx
- cricoarytenoids (pars recta and pars oblique)
- thyroarytenoids
- medial/internal (thyrovocalis)
- lateral/external (thyromuscularis)
what are the layers of the vocal folds?
- cover (squamous epithelium, superficial or lamina propria)
- transition (form the vocal ligament)
- body ( thyroarytenoid muscle)
(pg. 344)
what are the 3 branches of the vagus (X) nerve?
- pharyngeal
- superior laryngeal
- recurrent laryngeal nerve
(pg. 344)
a. pharyngeal nerve
b. superior laryngeal nerve
c. recurrent laryngeal nerve
-innervates soft palate via pharyngal plexus
a. pharyngeal nerve (pg.345)
a. pharyngeal nerve
b. superior laryngeal nerve
c. recurrent laryngeal nerve
- interanal branch: sensory to glottal area and above
- external branch: motor to cricothyroid muscle
b. superior laryngeal nerve (pg.345)
a. pharyngeal nerve
b. superior laryngeal nerve
c. recurrent laryngeal nerve
- sensory to glottal area and infra glottal area
- motor to all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid
- right and left branches differ in length
- left branch is longer because it wraps around the aorta before coursing upward
- right branch wraps around subclavian artery before entering larynx
- enters larynx though the thyroid gland
c. recurrent laryngeal nerve (pg.345)
a. inhalation
b. exhalation
c. vital capacity
d. relaxation pressure
e. checking action
-an active process resulting primarily from acton of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
a. inhalation (pg.345)
a. inhalation
b. exhalation
c. vital capacity
d. relaxation pressure
e. checking action
- passive during quiet breathing
- is active during breathing for speech
b. exhalation (pg.345)
a. inhalation
b. exhalation
c. vital capacity
d. relaxation pressure
e. checking action
-amount of air available for use when lungs are inflated maximally
c. vital capacity (pg.345)
a. inhalation
b. exhalation
c. vital capacity
d. relaxation pressure
e. resting expiratory level
f. checking action
- pressure generated entirely by passive forces, pulling towards equliibrium
- equals zero at resting expiratory level; increases when lung volume is above or below REL
- expiratory pressure is positive
- inspiratory pressure is negative
d. relaxation pressure (pg.345)
a. inhalation
b. exhalation
c. vital capacity
d. relaxation pressure
e. resting expiratory level
f. checking action
- the volume level in lungs at the end of exhalation in tidal breathing, when no respiratory muscles are active
- volume level where the forces of contraction of the lungs are balanced by the forces of expansion of the chest wall
e. resting expiratory level (pg.345)
a. inhalation
b. exhalation
c. vital capacity
d. relaxation pressure
e. resting expiratory level
f. checking action
- activity of inhalators muscles to control passive forces of exhalation in order to maintain steady subglottic pressure and airflow needed for speech production
- these inhalatory muscles, primarily the external intercostals, stay activated until relaxation pressure equals subglottic pressure
f. checking action (pg.345 )
the average subglottic pressure during speech is ______ in conversational voice
- 4-6 cm H20 (pg.345)
relaxation pressure and subglottic pressure are equal at about ____% vital capacity
55 (pg.345)
true/false: vocal folds open for inhalation and to produce voiceless sounds due to action of the PCAs
true (pg.345 )
true/false: during voicing/vibration, vocal folds open due to the buildup of air below the vocal folds sufficient to overcome the resistance of the folds and push the tissue upward and apart
true (pg.345)
vocal folds adduct due to the action of the ___ and ____
lateral cricoarytneoids and the interarytenoids (pg.346)
true/false: vocal fold vibration occurs when the vocal folds are positioned in the adducted position and airflow from the lungs causes repeated opening and closing
true (pg.346)
a. normal voice
b. breathy voice
c. whisper
- regular bursts of air through the glottal opening
- full opening and closing of vocal folds with vibration
a. normal voice (pg.346)