language disorders in young children Flashcards
what is the overall goal of language learning?
acquiring communication competence (pg.168)
True/False: all bona fide languages share a set of common characteristics
True (pg.168)
what are the 4 things all languages have in common?
- socially-shared codes and rules
- arbitrary symbols
- rule-governed
- generative
(pg. 168)
______: arbitrary designation typically given to the dialect spoken by the educated and/or wealthy classes in society
standard or non-standard dialect
standard (pg.168)
_____: arbitrary designation typically given to the dialects or language variations spoken by those with less education or wealth
standard or non-standard dialect
non-standard (pg.168)
True/False: specifying third-person singular verb forms or plural morphemes is SAE is obligatory, but optional in AAE
True (pg.168)
_____ refers to the ability to speak more than one dialect and understand in what context it is appropriate/beneficial to speak one or the other
code-switching (pg.169)
2 or more languages are learned at the same time
simultaneous or successive bilingualism
simultaneous (pg.169)
True/False: learning 2 languages simultaneously may slow down language development for a time to allow the child to sort out the rule systems in their languages
true (pg.169)
True/false: the slowing of language learning is permanent and does indicate the presence of a disorder
False: the slowing of language learning is temporary and does not indicate the presence of a disorder
(pg.169)
second language is learned after the acquisition of a first language
simultaneous or successive bilingualism
successive (pg.169)
a language disorder can only be diagnosed if it is present in language 1 or language 2?
language 1 (pg.169)
true/false: research has demonstrated that teaching in a child’s 1st language, facilitates learning of language 2 to a greater degree than teaching in language 2 only
true (pg.169)
language comprehension tends to ______ production
precede or proceed
precede (pg.169)
language form consists of ____, _____, and ____
syntax, morphology, phonology (pg.169)
____ includes the rules for sentences construction
syntax, morphology, or phonology
syntax (pg.169)
____ is the consistent use of the bound obligatory morphemes that specify verb tense, number, or other affixes
syntax, morphology, or phonology
morphology (pg.169)
_____ includes the development and use of a language’s sound system, including phonemic inventory, phonotactic constrains and morphophonemic rules
syntax, morphology, or phonology
phonology (pg.169)
development of vocabulary, both expressive and receptive
language content (pg.170)
language use included pragmatics and is divided into what 3 different sets of competencies?
- communicative intentions
- presupposition
- discourse management
(pg. 170)
judging what the listener knows and making appropriate accommodations to facilitate successful communication is known as…
communicative intent
presupposition
discourse management
presupposition (pg.170)
True/False: both nature and nurture are needed and interface to foster language learning
True (pg.170)
_____ modeling focuses on the strengthening of relationships between frequently co-occuring events and language forms
connectionist
information processing
connectionist (pg.170)
_____ of learning focus on the role played by memory stores, both short-term and long-term in language learning
connectionist
information processing
information processing (pg,170)
True/false: language learning is a lifelong process
true, but most is mastered by the time a child enters elementary school
(pg. 170)
cultures differ regarding who is the ________, the role assumes in terms of teaching language to children and whether a child can initiate a conversation with an adult
primary caregiver (pg.170)
what is needed by the slp to understand the framework of typicality for an individual learning language
cross-cultural competence (pg.171)
what are some prerequisite skills needed for language learning?
- cognitive or intellectual capacities sufficient for language learning
- perceptual abilities sufficient to make use of visual, auditory, tactile cues
- sufficient environmental input
- general health and well-being of child and family unit
(pg. 171)
Elements of language learning _____ with one another so that advances in the sophistication of one area of language learning will enhance a child’s ability to express himself/herself in another
interact (pg.171)
True/false: observing or analyzing language on a component-by-component basis is adequate
false; observing or analyzing language on a component-by-component basis is artificial
(pg.171)
before the development of _____, children recognize that gestures can be useful for getting what they want
(development of pragmatics)
words (pg.172)
_______ has begun to develop when a child takes the perspective of the conversation partner and makes accommodations to communication attempt, verbal or nonverbal, to facilitate successful communication
presupposition (pg.172)
Children diagnosed with what tend to have difficulty with theory of mind?
autism (pg.172)
_________ begins to develop when children engage in conversation frameworks often fostered by their caregiver’s turn-taking behavior
discourse management (pg.172)
Depending on ____ children will learn that conversations are comprised by non overlapping turns amount participants fairy early on
cultural influence (pg.172)
what are the components that show the successful development of conversation
- joint attention
- follow line of regard
- joint action routines
(pg. 172-173)
____ or repetitive predictable patterns of interaction that include specified tones and responsibilities for each participant
joint action routines (pg.173)
e. g. peek-a-boo, tolling a ball back and forth
- they provide predictable contexts for the overlay of relevant words, actions, semantic reactions, and/or sentences
_______ is a description of how to do something
expository text (pg.173)
True/false: discourse success is aided by the development of perspective-taking skills and ongoing development in vocab learning, syntax, and reading skills
true (pg.173)
_____ is using language to take about language
metalinguistics (pg.173)
metalinguistic competencies are critical to learning how to…
divide words up into their components syllables and sounds aka phonological awareness (pg.173)
________ : infant procedures approximations of consonants and vowels
cooing and going
babbling
cooing and gooing (pg.173)
____ : comprised of consonants and vowels more closely approximating the acoustics properties of adult vowels and consonant that are produced in sequence
cooing and going
babbling
babbling (pg.173)
what are the 3 criteria that 1st words must meet in order to be considered a first word
- produced with consistent phonetic forms
- approximate an adult word
- used in consistent contexts
(pg. 174)
the child uses objects to get the attention of a caregiver
protodeclaritive or protoimaprative
protodeclaritive (pg.174)
the child signals the caregiver to get objects for him or her
protodeclaritive or protoimperative
protoimperative (pg.174)
children’s first words almost always develop in their receptive vocabulary ______ they appear in their expressive vocabulary
before (pg.174)
research findings indicate that when the first ____ words in the expressive vocabulary have appeared, it is typical to have approximately _____ words in their receptive vocabulary
10, 50 (pg.174)
vocabulary development should reach at least ____ different words in the expressive vocabulary by age 2
50 (pg.174)
if 50 words and 2 word combos do not appear by 2 years of age, the diagnosis is ______
late talker (pg.174)
____ develops as children begin to combine words
semantic relationships (pg.174)
what are the 2 parameters that development of semantic relations follow
- acquisition of a comprehensive set of different semantic relationships that can be expressed
- flexibility to use a variety of words to convey the malign represents by the semantic relationship
(pg. 174)
_____ accounts for many instances of word learning; adults draw a child’s attention to a new word and provide a definition and an example of how to use the word, often without the benefit of supporting context
rote learning (pg.175)
by the time a typical child enters kindergarten, he will have approximately _____ different words in his expressive of receptive vocabs
1100 (pg.175)