ASD Flashcards
who introduced the disorder known as autistic disturbance of affective contact in 1943?
Dr.Leo Kanner (pg.226)
Autism is primarily a disorder of….
difficulty relating to the environment, themselves and other people (pg.226)
what are Kanner’s core shared features observed among children with this disorder?
- obsessive
- stereotypic behaviors
- echolalia
- purposeful relationship to objects
- desire for aloneness and sameness
- lack of affective interaction, awareness and contact with people
(pg. 226)
what is the genetic basis for physical disorder of autism
- abnormalities in the genetic code for the brain development results in cognitive and behavioral differences
(pg. 226)
what are the 3 symptom of ASD
- impaired development of reciprocal social interaction
- impaired development of speech and language for verbal and nonverbal communication
- abnormal behavioral patterns and interactions with objects
(pg. 226)
when is the onset of developmental delays and differences for ASD?
-12-24 months (pg.226)
ASD is present in approximately ___% of children i the united states between the ages of 3-17
1 (pg.226)
ASD
persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple context as manifested by the following…
- deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
- deficits in nonverbal communication used for social interaction
- deficits in developing, maintaining and understanding relationships
(pg. 227)
ASD
restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities as manifested by at least 2 of the following….
- stereotyped or repetitive motor movements
- inflexible adherence to routines or ritualized patterns
- highly restricted, fixed interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus
- hyper-or-hypoactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment
(pg. 227)
ASD
True/false: symptoms may be present in the early developmental period
False: symptoms MUST be present in the early developmental period (pg.227)
ASD
True/false: symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupations, or other important area of current functioning
true (pg.227)
ASD
a. severity level 1
b. severity level 2
c. severity level 3
- noticeable deficits in social communication without supports in place
- difficulty initiating and decreasing interest in social interactions
- attempts to make friends and engage with other are odd and unsuccessful
a. level 1 (pg.228)
ASD
a. severity level 1
b. severity level 2
c. severity level 3
- marked deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication that are apparent even with supports in place
- reduced or abnormal responses to social overtures
b. severity level 2 (pg.228)
ASD
a. severity level 1
b. severity level 2
c. severity level 3
- sever deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication
- very limited social interaction and response to social overtures
c. severity level 3 (pg.228)
ASD restricted, repetitive behaviors severity levels a. severity level 1 b. severity level 2 c. severity level 3
- inflexible behaviors cause significant interference with functioning
- difficulty switching between tasks
- problems with organization and planning that negative impact independence
a. severity level 1 (pg.228)
ASD restricted, repetitive behaviors severity levels a. severity level 1 b. severity level 2 c. severity level 3
- inflexible behavior and restricted repetitive behaviors are obvious to the casual observer and interfere with functioning in a variety of context
- distressed behavior is noted when changing focus or activity
b. severity level 2 (pg.228)
ASD restricted, repetitive behaviors severity levels a. severity level 1 b. severity level 2 c. severity level 3
- inflexible behavior creates extreme difficulty in coping with change
- restricted, repetitive behaviors markedly interfere with functioning
- significant distress in response to changing focus or activity
c. severity level 3 (pg. 229)
True/false: asperges’s disorder was perviously defined as an independent disorder, however now is classified as autism spectrum disorder
True (pg.229)
what are characteristics of asperges’s syndrome?
- normal to above intelligence, and language skills
- deficits in social domain, lack of reciprocity and empathy
- extreme interests and routines
- pedantic, unusual prosody
- limited development of executive function skills
- deficits in theory of mind
- well-developed vocabulary
(pg. 229)
True/false: there is no clearly substantiated cause for autism
true (pg.230)
ASD
a. chromosome 5
b. chromosome 7
c. chromosome 11
d. chromosome 15
e. chromosome 16
-genese involved in development of brain circuitry in early childhood
a. chromosome 5 (pg.230)
ASD
a. chromosome 5
b. chromosome 7
c. chromosome 11
d. chromosome 15
e. chromosome 16
-possible biological differences in male vs female autism, also involved in language development
b. Chromosome 7 (pg.230)
ASD
a. chromosome 5
b. chromosome 7
c. chromosome 11
d. chromosome 15
e. chromosome 16
- group of genes involved in communication between neurons during brain development
c. chromosome 11 (pg.230)
ASD
a. chromosome 5
b. chromosome 7
c. chromosome 11
d. chromosome 15
e. chromosome 16
-duplication on part of chromosome associated with intellectual impairment
d. chromosome 15 (pg.230)
ASD
a. chromosome 5
b. chromosome 7
c. chromosome 11
d. chromosome 15
e. chromosome 16
-small deletion associated with ASD, responsible for cell-to-cell signaling and interaction
e. chromosome 16 (pg.230)
what did neurochemical studies explore to be the roots of ASD
- oxidative stress (abnormal blood vessel function of the brain)
- brain inflammation (linked with changes in immune system responses)
- autoimmunity (increased food sensitivity)
- antibodies in maternal blood supply (antibodies interrupt later healthy brain development)
(pg. 230)
what are risk factors for ASD?
- if a father is 40 years or older, there is a 6 times greater risk of having a child with autism
- maternal use of antidepressants during pregnancy
(pg. 230)
what are the 3 diagnostic areas of behavioral symptoms in ASD
- reciprocal social interaction
- communication
- restricted, repetitive, stereotyped patterns of behavior
(pg. 231)
an inability to voluntarily program neurologic sequences for verbal production
childhood apraxia of speech (pg.231)
repetition of utterances spoken by others; can be immediate or delayed
echolalia (pg.231)
continuous repletion of a sound, word or phrase
verbal perseveration (pg. 231)
rhythmic, repetitive motor movements, such as hand-flapping, twirling or finger tapping
self-stimulatory behaviors (pg.231)
doing a motor activity over and over such as putting a puzzle together or climbing up and down a slide
motor perseveration (pg.231)
moving to the outer edge of a room or environment to avoid interaction
perimeter walking (pg.232)
True/false: difficult to determine cognitive impairments due to challenges in reliability and validity issues in assessing intelligence in ASD individuals
true (pg.232)
not liking to be touched, sensitive to clothing textures
tactile defensiveness (pg.232)
what are 2 other characteristics associated with ASD?
- cognitive or intellectual deficits
- sensory integration disorder or dysfunction
(pg. 232)