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PRAXIS SLP > Aud. & Hearing Impairment > Flashcards

Aud. & Hearing Impairment Flashcards

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1
Q

Anatomy of the auditory system includes what structures?

A

Structures of the outer ear, middle ear and inner ear (p. 410)

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2
Q

Cartilage framed appendage covered w/ skin that appears around the 6th weak of gestation from 1st and 2nd branchial arches.

A

The Pinna (Auricle) (p. 410)

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3
Q

What are the 6 major structures of the pinna?

A
  1. Helix
  2. Antihelix
  3. Concha
  4. Tragus
  5. Antitragus
  6. Lobe ( p. 410)
    (look at picture :)
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4
Q

Which nerve innervates the pinna?

A

trigeminal nerve (CN V)
sensory innervation
(p. 410)

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5
Q

The external auditory meatus (EAM) is an s-shaped oval canal ___ to ___ mm in length. It opens at the ______ and terminates at the _____________.

A

25 to 33 mm
pinna
tympanic membrane
(p. 410)

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6
Q

The EAM is innervated by which CNs?

A 
CNs trigeminal (V), facial (VII), vagus (X).
(p. 410)
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7
Q

The tympanic membrane does what?

A

It transduces sound (p. 410)

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8
Q

What is the function of the outer ear?

A

It serves an auditory function in which the OE collects sounds and channels it to the middle ear. (p.410)

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9
Q

The OE serves as a natural filter and enhances or boosts higher frequency sounds by how many dB?

A

10 to 12 dB (p.411)

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10
Q

What is the natural resonance of the concha?

A

5000 Hz (p. 411)

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11
Q

Besides auditory function, what other function does the OE serve?

A

protection

  • cerumen ‘noxious’ to introders
  • s-shape prevents foreign objects from reaching ME and TM (p. 411)
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12
Q

A six walled air filled cavity within the petrous portion of the temporal bone.

A

the middle ear (p.411)

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13
Q

The middle ear houses what?

A 
3 ossicles (bones)  
5 ligaments
2 muscles (tendons) (p.411)
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14
Q

What does the ossicular chain consist of & what does it do?

A 
3 bones (smallest in human body) 
transfers the mechanical vibrations from TM to inner ear 
(p. 411)
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15
Q

______= the most lateral ossicle, consisting of manubrium, head, neck and lateral and anterior processes; attached to the TM and the incus.

A

Malleus (p. 411)

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16
Q

______ = the middle and largest bone in the ossicular chain consisting of a body and a short, long, and lenticular process.

A

Incus (p. 411)

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17
Q

______= the most medial third and smallest ossicle consisting of a head, footplate, and 2 crura. The footplate is held in the oval window by annular ligament.

A

Stapes (p. 411)

18
Q

What are the 5 ligaments that suspend the ossicular chain in the ME?

A
  1. superior malleolar
  2. lateral malleolar
  3. anterior malleolar
  4. posterior includal
  5. annular ligament
    (p. 411)
19
Q

What function do the 2 muscles in the ME serve?

A

Hold ossicular chain in place and reduce intensity reaching IE by pulling against each other to stiffen system and reducing efficiency of ME. (p. 411)

20
Q

What are the 2 muscles in the ME?

A

The tensor tympani and the stapedius muscle (p. 411)

21
Q

Tensor tympani pulls malleus ______.

A

medially (p. 411)

22
Q

Stapedius muscle (smallest muscle in body) pulls stapes _____ and tilts what?

A

Pulls stapes posteriorly and tilts footplate in oval window (p. 411)

23
Q

_________= mucosal lined pathway that ventilates the ME through the connection to the nasopharynx.

A

Eustachian tube (p. 411)

24
Q

impedance mismatch = ?

A

loss of sound energy (p. 411)

25
Q

How does the ME compensate for impedance mismatch? How much is compensated?

A

two primary mechanisms –> lever effect & ME muscles increase sensitivity

25 to 27 dB of estimated 30dB is compensated
(p. 411)

26
Q

Complex structure residing within the petrous portion of the temporal bone

A

Inner ear (p. 411)

27
Q

What are the 2 functions of the IE?

A

sense of hearing (cochlea) and sense of balance (semicircular canals and otolithic organs) (p. 411)

28
Q

semicircular canals: ________ movement :: utricle/saccule : _________ movement

A

angular
linear
(p. 412)

29
Q

a bony canal that surrounds a membranous tube, about 35 mm in length & coils around central core approx 2 3/4 turns.

A

cochlea (p. 412)

30
Q

base of cochlea : ____ :: vestibule: ______

A

largest turn
smallest turn
(p. 412)

31
Q

________= upper canal running from oval window to helicotrema; contains perilymph

A

scala vestibuli (p. 412)

32
Q

_______= lower canal running from the round window to helicotrema; contains perilymph

A

scala tympani (p. 412)

33
Q

______= middle canal divided from scala vestibuli by Reissner’s membrane and from scala tympani by basilar membrane; contains organ of corti & contains endolymph.

A

scala media (p. 412)

34
Q

The organ of corti consists of ?

A

sensory hair cells, support cells and support membranes and ligaments (p. 412)

35
Q

How many (sensory) Outer Hair Cells (OHC) are there approx?

A

13,500 per ear; housed in 3 to 4 rows (p. 412)

36
Q

The OHC serve as?

A

biologic modifier increasing or decreasing sensitivity to sounds by changing length of hair cells ( p. 412)

37
Q

How many (sensory) Inner Hair Cells (IHC) are there approx?

A

3500 per ear housed in 1 row (p. 412)

38
Q

The IHC serve as?

A

serve to process frequency, temporal and intensity info to auditory pathway (p. 413)

39
Q

The basilar membrane yields what?

A

Tonotopicity in which high frequencies are processed at the base and low frequencies at the apex (p. 413)

40
Q

What is the tectorial membrane responsible for?

A

For shearing the stereocilia of the hair cells (p. 413)

41
Q

What is the main function of the IE?

A

Changes the mechanical energy into hyrdomechanical energy and then into neural impulses (p. 413)

PRAXIS SLP (18 decks)

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