dysphagia Flashcards
except for voluntary manipulation and preparation of food, swallowing is primary ____
involuntary (pg.364)
______ is difficulty or abnormality in moving food from the mouth to the stomach
dysphagia (pg.364)
what muscle composes the upper esophageal sphincter?
cricopharyngeal muscles (pg. 364)
the ______ contains the epiglottis, valleculae, pyriform sinuses and laryngeal aditus
laryngeopharynx (pg.364)
a. trigeminal V
b. facial VII
c. glossopharyngeal (IX)
d. vagus (X)
e. spinal accessory (XI)
f. hypoglossal (XII)
- sensation in anterior 2/3 of tongue (hot, cold, oral pain)
- sensation to teeth, gums, and oral mucosa
- salivary flow to major and minor glands
- motor control of mouth opening, mandible motion and mastication
- motor innervation to floor of mouth muscles to elevate larynx and hyoid
a. trigeminal V (pg.364)
a. trigeminal V
b. facial VII
c. glossopharyngeal (IX)
d. vagus (X)
e. spinal accessory (XI)
f. hypoglossal (XII)
- taste in anterior 2/3 of the tongue
- sensation to soft palate
- salivation from all salivary glands except parotid glad
- motor control of lip motion and bilabial seal
- motor control for the facial muscles, FOM muscles and cheeks
- assists in elevation of hyoid and larynx to protect airway
b facial VII (pg.364)
a. trigeminal V
b. facial VII
c. glossopharyngeal (IX)
d. vagus (X)
e. spinal accessory (XI)
f. hypoglossal (XII)
- taste in posterior 1/3 of tongue
- sensation to faucial pillars and soft palate
- salivation from the parotid gland
- sensation to the pharynx and larynx
- motor velopharyngeal closure
- motor control of the upper pharyngeal constrictor muscles
c. glossopharyngeal IX (pg.365 )
a. trigeminal V
b. facial VII
c. glossopharyngeal (IX)
d. vagus (X)
e. spinal accessory (XI)
f. hypoglossal (XII)
- controls sensory information for pharyngeal and esophageal phases
- motor innervation to the base of the tongue and all pharyngeal muscles
- major innervation to the larynx, diaphragm and lungs
- pharyngeal contraction and esophageal peristalsis
d. vagus X (pg. 365)
a. trigeminal V
b. facial VII
c. glossopharyngeal (IX)
d. vagus (X)
e. spinal accessory (XI)
f. hypoglossal (XII)
- partial innervation of soft palate and uvula
- partial innervation of muscles of upper pharynx
- primary function is to provide stability of shoulder and neck muscles during swallowing and allow rotation of head and neck
e. spinal accessory XI (pg.365)
a. trigeminal V
b. facial VII
c. glossopharyngeal (IX)
d. vagus (X)
e. spinal accessory (XI)
f. hypoglossal (XII)
- primary motor for all tongue muscles
- motor innervation of the pharynx (aids in hyolaryngeal elevation and airway protection
f. hypoglossal XII (pg. 366)
the swallowing center is located in the ____ and _____
medulla and pons (pg. 366)
a. oral prep
b. oral phase
c. pharyngeal phase
d. esophageal phase
- entirely voluntary
- manipulate bolus to swallow-ready state
a. oral prep (pg.366)
what are the main muscles in the oral prep stage?
- orbicularis oris
- buccinator
- tongue
- masseter
- medial and lateral pterygoids
(pg. 366)
what cranial nerves are involved in the oral prep stage?
- CN V
- CN VII
- CN IX
- CN XII
(pg. 366)
a. oral prep
b. oral phase
c. pharyngeal phase
d. esophageal phase
- partially voluntary, because it requires some cortical control
- bolus is transferred to pharynx
b. oral phase (pg.366)
what muscles are involved in the oral phase?
- orbicularis oris
- masseter
- temporalis
- pterygoids
- mylohyoid
- geniohyoid
- digastric
- levator veli palatini
- palatoglossus
- palatopharyngeous
(pg. 366)
what cranial nerves are involved the oral preparatory phases?
- CN V
- CN VII
- CN IX
- CN X
- CN XI
- CN XII
(pg. 366)
a. oral prep
b. oral phase
c. pharyngeal phase
d. esophageal phase
- the bolus flows vertically through the pharynx to the esophagus while the airway is protected from bolus entry
- this stage is involuntary
c. pharyngeal phase (pg. 367)
how long does the pharyngeal phase last?
1.5 seconds (pg.367)
a. oral prep
b. oral phase
c. pharyngeal phase
d. esophageal phase
- totally involuntary
- lasting 8-10 seconds
- the bolus is moved into the stomach
d. esophageal phase (pg.367)
what cranial nerve innervates the esophagus?
CN X (pg.367)
what are common effects of aging on swallowing?
- increased duration of swallow, delayed hyoid elevation, longer opening of UES, decline in pressure reserves, decreased lingual pressure and strength
(pg. 367)
what is sarcopenia?
muscle wasting (pg.367)
affects tongue muscle and swallow function in older people
what is a tastant?
- any substance capable of eliciting gustatory excitation (pg.371)