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Medical Conditions Block 2 > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abdominal

A

Relating to the abdomen

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2
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A

Immediate/serious reaction after dog is exposed to allergin

T: Penicillin, anti-histamines, SQ adrenaline, O2, IV fluids

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3
Q

Anemia

A

Deficiency of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in circulatory system
-lack of appetite, lethargy, weakness

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4
Q

Anorexia

A

Loss of appetite, unwillingness to eat

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5
Q

Antiemetic

A

Anti-vomiting medication

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6
Q

Apnea

A

Suspension of breathing

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7
Q

Appetite

A

Desire to eat food, sometimes because of hunger

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8
Q

Arrhythmias

A

An irregular heart beat

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9
Q

Ascites

A

Accumulation of food in the abdomen
Animal looks swollen, bloated
Liver disease causes low serum protein and increased pressure in vein

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10
Q

Asthma

A

Inflammatory disease of airways of lungs

Wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath

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11
Q

Ausculation

A

Using stethoscope to amplify sounds of certain areas of the body

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12
Q

Babesia

A

Tick infection that causes malaria like symptoms

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13
Q

BAL bronchoalveolar lavage

A

Bronchoscope passed through mouth or nose into lungs and fluid is squirted then collected for examination

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14
Q

Biopsies

A

Tissue is collected from live organ to be examined for disease and extent of disease

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15
Q

BP blood pressure

A

Diastolic-pressure when blood isn’t pumping

Systolic- pressure when blood is pumping

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16
Q

Blood transfusions

A

Transferring of blood from one animal to another

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17
Q

Bone marrow biopses

A

Testing of a tissue from the bone marrow to see if their is a disease plus the extent of the disease

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18
Q

Brachycephalic Syndrome.

A

Short headed which causes difficult and obstructed breathing

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19
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart beat

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20
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of bronchial tubes

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21
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Asthma, opens airway passage

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22
Q

Bruising

A

Contusion- skin trauma

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23
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlarged heart

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24
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscle

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25
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Uses drugs to try and kill cancer cells with the least amount of damage to normal cells

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26
Q

Colitis

A

Inflammation of the colon

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27
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

CHF
Inability of heart to provide adequate circulation to meet the bodies needs
-end result of weakened heart muscle
-liver, kidneys, lungs and other organs have problems as a result

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28
Q

Constipation

A

Absent, infrequent or difficult defecation

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29
Q

Coronary Heart Disease

A

Disease where waxy substance called plaque builds up inside of coronary arteries

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30
Q

Coughing

A

Reflex initiated by irritation of the airway

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31
Q

Cyanosis

A

When body parts turn blue due to lack of oxygen (hypoxia)

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32
Q

DIC

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Acquired bleeding disorder triggered by shock and infection

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33
Q

Diuretics

A

Any substance that promotes diuresis (production of urine)

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34
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing

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35
Q

ECG

A

Electrocardium

Record / display of patients heartbeat

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36
Q

Emesis

A

The action/process of vomiting

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37
Q

Endoscopy

A

Instrument that examines inside of the body

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38
Q

Enzyme Supplements

A

Supplements that aide the body when there is a lack of certain enzymes

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39
Q

Eosinophilic ulcers

A

Often result from oral trauma , ulcerations of oral mucosa

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40
Q

EPI

A

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Aciner cells of pancreas atrophy and stop producing digestive enzymes

41
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nose bleed

42
Q

Exercise tolerance

A

Measurement of pets ability to endure exercise

43
Q

Exploratory surgery

A

Often done in abdomen when animal swallows foreign body or to find certain cancers

44
Q

Fatigue

A

Feeling of tiredness or exhaustion

45
Q

Fecal cultures

A

Lab test done to determine what kinds of bacteria are in digestive tract

46
Q

Fecal float

A

Feces added to salt solution of a specific gravity and eggs float to the top, detects nematode parasite eggs

47
Q

Feline infectious peritonitis

A

Uncommon
Usually fatal
Immune response to infection with feline coronavirus

48
Q

Flatulence

A

Passing gas

49
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach

50
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines

51
Q

Gastropexy

A

Surgical procedure done on large breeds to prevent bloat

52
Q

GDV Gastric dilation and volvolus

A

Bloat

53
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums

54
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation/infection of peritoneal/abdominal cavity

55
Q

Petechial Hemorrhages

A

Tiny pin point red mark that is an important sign of asphyxia caused by some external means of obstructing the airways

56
Q

Pneumonia

A

Lung inflammation caused by bacteria or viral infection, air sacs fill with puss and may become solid

57
Q

Tracheal collapse

A

C-Shaped tracheal rings do not possess normal rigidity so the trachea collapses as dog inhales
-older dogs who are obese or have bronchitis is a pre-disposing factor

58
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx

59
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Accumulation of fluid in air sac

60
Q

Purulent

A

A discharge containing puss

61
Q

Pyothorax

A

Pus/infection of chest cavity

62
Q

Radiographs

A

X-Ray images

63
Q

Reverse sneezing

A

Laryngospasm
Loud snorting sound made when dog is attacked
Sounds like dog can’t breathe

64
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation of mucous membrane in nose

65
Q

Serous

A

Produces serum

66
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflammation of stomach

67
Q

Swallowing

A

Cause/allow food and water to pass down throat

68
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast heart beat

69
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Abnormally low levels of thrombocytes

70
Q

Tracheitis

A

Inflammation of the trachea

71
Q

Ultrasound

A

A method of diagnosing illness and viewing internal structures in which sound waves of high frequency are bounced off eternal organs and tissues from outside body

72
Q

Hemothorax

A

Pleural effusion in which blood accumulates in the pleural cavity. It can interfere with normal breathing.

73
Q

Hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver disease)

A

Feline disease which can be fatal

74
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

75
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Abnormally enlarged liver

76
Q

Hernias

A

Organ pushes through an opening in the muscle/tissue that holds it in place
Example: intestines break through weakened abdominal wall

77
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

78
Q

Hypo tension

A

Low blood pressure

79
Q

IMHA

A

Immune mediated hemolytic anemia
Dogs immune system mistakenly produces antibodies that attacks its own red blood cells
Most common type of anemia in dogs

80
Q

Immune Mediated Disease

A

Any group of conditions and diseases that lack a definite etiology but are characterized by common inflammatory pathways leading to inflammation
May be triggered by disregulation of normal immune response

81
Q

Immunosuppressive

A

Drugs that partially/completely suppress the immune system of an individual

82
Q

Influenza

A

The flu
Comes from the influenza virus
High fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pains, headache, cough, feeling tired

83
Q

Intussusception

A

Part of the intestine folds into the part next to it.

Small bowel more often then large bowel

84
Q

Kennel cough

A

Canine infectious tracheobronchitis
Most dogs recover without treatment
Dogs hack away and sound as if choking

85
Q

Laryngeal paralysis

A

Nerves that control the muscles/cartlidge that open/close the larynx (voice box) do not work properly, causing voice changes and difficulty eating/breathing

86
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx

87
Q

Laryngospasm

A

Sudden spasm of vocal cords

88
Q

Lethargy

A

Lack of energy/enthusiasm

89
Q

Leukemia

A

Malignancy (cancer) of blood cells. Abnormal cells are produced in bone marrow. Usually production of WBC

90
Q

Lymphoma

A

Begins in infection fighting cells of immune system (lymphocytes)
The lymphocytes change/grow out of control

91
Q

Megacolon

A

Abnormally large colon

92
Q

Megaesophagus

A

Abnormally large esophagus

93
Q

Melena

A

Dark/tarry feces. Usually indicates problem with the digestive tract

94
Q

Mitral valve insufficiency

A

Type of CHF in dogs (most common)

Mitral valve does not close properly when heart pumps blood. Therefore the blood flows in two directions

95
Q

Nebulizers

A

Drug delivery device used to administer medication in the form of mist inhaled into the lungs

96
Q

Pacemakers

A

Small device placed in the chest/abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. Uses electrical impulses to have the heart beat at a normal rate.

97
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

98
Q

Panleukopenia

A

Virus invades cells which are rapidly growing such as those in the digestive system , nine marrow (which makes blood cells), lymph tissue, developing nervous system

99
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardial tissue around the heart

Medical Conditions Block 2 (13 decks)

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