Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Conditions Block 2 > Examples Of Digestive Issues > Flashcards

Examples Of Digestive Issues Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Lip fold pyoderma

A

Found in breeds with droopy lips

Sanitation important to prevent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Laceration and burns of mouth

A

Common injuries

Due to fighting, chewing of objects, licking corrosive substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth , gums, tongue
May be toxic, viral (feline calici virus)
Yeast infections, trauma - very painful
Drooling, refusal to eat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Oral papillomas

A

Warts caused by a virus
Seen in young dogs
May have as many as 50-100
Disappears within 2-3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Foreign objects in mouth

A

Fish hooks
Porcupine quills
String (cats)
Generally need sedation to remove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Growths in mouth

A

Include benign and malignant tumors
Most are benign
If malignant it is a bad prognosis (melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Retained deciduous teeth

A

Usually canine in small breed dogs
Should be gone by 6 months
Interfere with permanent teeth eruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Malocclusion

A

Incorrect bite
Overshot - upper jaw longer
Undershot - lower jaw longer
Wry mouth- one side longer so face twists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Periodontal disease

A

Starts with gingivitis
Inflammation of gums when bacteria builds up along gum line
Reversible early on but if not treated they get periodontis - inflammation of deeper structure around tooth
Gum recession- if severe can see abscesses , loosened teeth, pathological bone fracture of mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tooth fractures

A

Lead to root abscesses , swelling around the eye, possible eye damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

FORL

A

Feline Oral Resorptive Lesions -

A type of painful tooth decay in cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Eosinophilic Ulcers

A

Rodent Ulcers
Disease of cats - raised shiny pink lesions on lips, thighs, nose
Responsive to steroids
Biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pharyngitis

A 
Sore throat 
May include tonsillitis 
Usually infectious 
Common to find foreign bodies in throat (bones, sticks, foxtails, quills) 
Also can see tumors in tonsils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Esophageal Disease

A 
Regurgitation (food passively expelled from esophagus without retching, NOT vomiting)
Megaesophagus - enlarged esophagus, causes regurgitation 
Foreign Bodies (common problem, may lead to perforation , strictures or esophagitis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Esophageal Growths

A

Rare and mostly malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gastric and duodenal ulcers

A

Diagnosed with endoscopy,
most common cause is giving steroids and NSAIDs together
most common clinical sign is vomiting +/- blood
May perforate in which case it is a medical emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

GDV

A

Gastric dilation and volvulus
Also called bloat Medical Emergency
Important condition, starts with dilation of stomach, followed by twisting or rotation of stomach, blocking both the entrance and exit of stomach
Dogs get shocky, see non productive vomiting , distended abdomen
Requires aggressive fluid therapy and immediate surgery , gastropexy can be done to prevent torsion (suture stomach to body wall)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gastritis

A

May be due to eating garbage , gastric ulcers , foreign bodies , hair balls , bacterial or viral infection , drugs, food allergies
Commonly see vomiting, if persistent is a medical emergency , distinguish between acute and chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Motion sickness

A

Very common, especially in puppies
See yawning and drooling followed by vomiting
Many vets prescribe human anti- motion drugs but there is a licensed drug for dogs
Cerenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease

A

Group of diseases of intestines causing chronic diarrhea , weight loss, anemia and malnutrition , inflammatory cells move into lining of intestines
Diagnosed with biopsy

21
Q

Acute infectious Enteritis

A

Infection of the intestinal tract
Sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea
Most common is Parvo Virus but bacteria can also cause it
Tests are available to determine cause - culture / fecal SNAP tests -expensive
Treated with IV fluids , +/- anti biotic, antiemetics , coating agents

22
Q

Malabsorption Syndrome

A

Inability to absorb food

Either due to poor digestion or damage to intestinal wall , many different causes

23
Q

Colitis

A

Inflammation to colon
Very common cause of diarrhea
Often causes bloody mucoid diarrhea with straining , pain , numerous causes

24
Q

Foreign bodies

A

Very common
May get stuck in intestinal tract and cause obstruction
May perforate intestinal tract
May be hard to diagnose if not radio-opaque
May require surgeries
In cats, hair balls are a problem

25
Q

Intestinal obstructions

A

Usually due to foreign bodies or intussusception (telescoping of intestinal tract)
May be caused by tumors, hernias, or roundworms
Clinical signs: abdominal pain, vomiting, no stool passed

26
Q

Flatulence

A

Common complaint usually related to diet but may be a sign of malabsorption

27
Q

Coprophagia

A

Eating feces
Usually just a bad habit
Numerous “treatments” which is an indication that none work particularly well, occasionaly due to medical problem

28
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity
Usually due to leakage of intestinal contents into abdomen but can also result from viral infections (FIP) , bladder rupture, penetrating abdominal wounds, uterine rupture, post surgical sepsis, can be fatal, requires surgery

29
Q

Constipation

A

Absent, infrequent or difficult defecation
Important not to confuse with colitis , bladder obstruction (esp cats) , anorectal obstruction (ie matted hair around anus)
Treated with enemas, laxatives, increased water intake, increasing fiber, drugs that increase intestinal mobility

30
Q

Diarrhea

A

Single most common complaint from clients
Passage of lose unformed stools
Usually an emergency to client because dog is having accidents in the house!
May include vomiting.
Wide range of causes and severity , can be mild self limiting diarrhea all the way to fatal hemorrhage V&D

31
Q

Causes of diarrhea

A 
Garbage guts 
Salmonella 
Intestinal parasites 
Toxins 
Partial/Full obstructions 
Food intolerances 
Viral 
Expensive to run tests
32
Q

Treatments for diarrhea

A

Depends on severity of disease

IV fluids , coating agents, antibiotics, probiotics, pain meds, antiemetics, intestinal diets, hypoallergenic diets

33
Q

Rectal obstructions

A 
Prostatic hyperplasia or tumors 
Pelvic fracture 
Fecal impactions 
Tumors 
Polyps
34
Q

Pseudo constipation

A

Matted stool around anus

35
Q

Rectal Prolapse

A

Protrusion of the rectum through the anus due to progressive prolonged straining

36
Q

Anal Sac Disease

A

Impaction, infection, abscess and rupture
Should have good understanding of this rupture
Common clinical sign is scooting

37
Q

Polyps and Cancer

A

Can occur in any part of the digestive tract

38
Q

Liver disease

A

Signs of liver failure include jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, bleeding and edema

39
Q

Hepatitis

A

Many things damage the liver - viruses, bacteria, toxins, parasites, drugs, autoimmune disease, endocrine disease,
Liver can repair itself if treated early
May end up with liver failure

40
Q

Hepatic lipidosis

A

Fatty liver disease
Disease unique to cats
Commonly see in over weight cats that go off their food for any reason
As fat is mobilized it damages the liver , the cat becomes anorexic, liver failure develops and if not treated often results in death
Treatment is aggressive nutritional support including a feeding tube

41
Q

Exocrine pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)

A

Disease of exocrine pancreas where there is inadequate production of digestive enzymes , requiring supplementing diet with digestive enzymes (Viokase)

42
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Digestive enzymes released into tissue of pancreas , causing massive inflammation and sometimes damaging the endocrine portion (Islets) which may lead to diabetes; pancreatitis causes vomiting, abdominal pain, fever and can be fatal if severe

43
Q

Triad of pancreatitis, hepatitis, duodenitis

A

Commonly seen in cats due to proximity of pancreatic and bile duct

44
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

Common disease in cats
Due to inadequate production of insulin or decreased sensitivity to insulin, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia)
Clinical signs are : PU/PD, weight loss despite normal appetite, progresses to anorexia, weakness, dehydration , can be fatal,
Treated with insulin and diet

45
Q

Hernias

A

Abnormal openings in the abdominal wall
Three common locations are umbilical, inguinal, diaphragmatic
Abnormal contents , especially fat might push out through openings
If loops of intestine get trapped in hernias can result in obstruction which can be fatal

46
Q

Megacolon

A

Abnormal distension of colon where feces collect in the colon

47
Q

Intestinal Parasites

A

Most common parasites in Calgary are roundworms and Giardia

Usually not visible to owner, require fecal test

48
Q

Viral diseases

A 
Parvovirus 
Feline panleukopenia 
FIP 
These diseases affect the intestinal tract as well as other parts of the body 
Diarrhea +/- is a common sign
49
Q

Anorexia

A

Non specific sign

Distinguish between lack of appetite vs not able to eat

Medical Conditions Block 2 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions