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Medical Conditions Block 2 > Examples Of Respiratory Illness > Flashcards

Examples Of Respiratory Illness Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Brachycephalic syndrome

A

Refers to a series of deformities of short headed animals causing airway obstruction

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2
Q

What does brachycephalic syndrome include

A

Stenotic nares
Elongated soft palate
Everted laryngeal saccules

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3
Q

What breeds is brachycephalic syndrome common in?

A

Bulldogs
Pugs
Pekingese
Persian and Himalayan cats

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4
Q

What can brachycephalic syndrome cause?

A

Increased susceptibility to infection and heat stroke

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5
Q

How to treat brachycephalic

A

Surgery is available to correct deformities

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6
Q

Other problems with brachycephalic

A

Airlines are reluctant to take them on

Anesthesia always a risk

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7
Q

Epistaxis

A

Persistent nose bleeds may be due to clotting problems

Rat poison always a concern

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8
Q

How can epistaxis be caused

A 
Trauma 
Fungal 
Severe infection 
Cancer 
Clotting problems
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9
Q

What diagnoses can be used for Epistaxis

A

May need blood work or CT imaging for nose

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10
Q

Questions to ask when epistaxis

A

History?

Young: could be congenital /hereditary , trauma, access to poison

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11
Q

Epistaxis treatment

A

Depends on cause

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12
Q

Nasal foreign bodies indications

A

Violent sneezing
Pawing at nose
Unilateral discharge
Difficult to remove if foreign body gets deeper

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13
Q

How to diagnose FB

A

Sedate to evaluate and examine

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14
Q

What specialized tools are used to remove FB

A

Long graspers

Endoscope

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15
Q

What could a fb result in

A

Infection/damage if left

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16
Q

Rhinitis / Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of nose and sinuses

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17
Q

When do we see rhinitis / sinusitis in cats ?

A 
FVR virus ( feline viral rhinotracheitis)
Usually seen when it has viral/bacterial infection
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18
Q

What does FVR stand for?

A

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis

19
Q

When do you see rhinitis and sinusitis in dogs

A

Usually infection in young ( viral, bacterial, nasal mites)
Fungal possible
Fb
Tumors

20
Q

Symptoms of rhinitis and sinutitis

A

Sneezing
Congested
Nasal discharge

21
Q

Treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis

A

Depends on cause
Treat infection
Remove FB and tumor

22
Q

Choking / fb in larynx indications

A

Sudden onset of forceful coughing
Respiratory distress
Pawing at mouth
All indications

23
Q

What to tell client if fb in larynx

A

Need to talk to vet asap to have Heimlich maneuver explained
If animal collapses, pull out tongue and start sweeping mouth

24
Q

Laryngospasm / reverse sneezing

A

Common problem in dog, rare in cats
Snorting sound
Appears pet can’t breathe so it’s alarming to owners
Usually stops on its own

25
Q

Laryngospasm in cats

A

Usually due to attempts to place endotracheal tube

Larynx closes and cat can collapse

26
Q

What to do when laryngospasm occurs in cats

A

Need to deepen anesthetic
May try anti inflammatory if swelling
Tracheotomy if emergency

27
Q

Laryngeal paralysis

A

Mainly problem in large dogs where vocal cords block the opening of the trachea
Obstructs airflow and causes roaring sound when dog breathes
Requires surgery to fix

28
Q

Kennel cough syndrome

A

Group of highly contagious diseases in dogs that cause acute tracheobronchitis

29
Q

Kennel Cough Signs

A

May bring up white saliva
Mucous
Gagging
Retching

30
Q

Causes of kennel cough

A 
Herpes 
Parainfluenza 
Canine adenovirus 2 
Bordetella 
Streptococcus 
Mycoplasma 
Influenza
31
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Chronic coughs last over two months due to bacterial infection of bronchi, aggravated my pollution, dryness , cigarette smoke, exertion

32
Q

What issues can cause chronic bronchitis

A

Allergies, irritant

33
Q

What can owners do if pet has chronic bronchitis

A 
Remove cause if possible (not smoking)
Cough suppressants 
Steroid anti - inflammatories 
Avoid excessive exertion 
Use harness or head collar in dogs , avoid tracheal pressure
34
Q

Feline Asthma

A

Disease of cat caused by hypersensitivity or environmental allergens
More common in cats than dogs
May be worsened by smoke, perfumes, irritants (candles)

35
Q

What can feline asthma be confused with ?

A

Hair ball

Hacking

36
Q

What is the number one reason for cat to cough

A

Feline asthma

37
Q

What can severe asthma do

A

Cause cyanosis and collapse

Can be life threatening

38
Q

Treatment of feline asthma

A

Steroids (anti inflammatory and immune suppressant)
Bronchodilators
Inhalors/medications

39
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammatory condition of lungs

40
Q

Pneumonia causes

A

Bacterial or viral infection
Parasites
Inhalation of stomach contents
Chemical / smoke inhalation

41
Q

Pneumonia signs

A 
Very sick 
Fever 
Coughing 
Breathing changes 
Lethargic 
Anorexic
42
Q

Pneumonia treatment

A 
Fluids 
Treat infection 
Bronchodilators 
NSAIDs 
Coupage 
Vaporizer
43
Q

Influenza

A 
Fairly new disease 
Same signs as kennel cough 
Rarely fatal 
Vaccine available 
Young dogs, old dogs, immunosuppressive dogs, pregnant dogs

Medical Conditions Block 2 (13 decks)

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