Vocab: Week 1 Flashcards
APRN
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse
Generally the most independently functioning nurse. Has a master’s degree in nursing; advanced education in pathophysiology, pharmacology and physical assessment and certification and expertise in a specialized area of practice
1. NP
2. CRNA
3. Clinical Nurse Specialist
4. Certified Nurse Midwife
ANA
American Nurses Association
They define what nursing is. They are the organization to advance and protect the profession of nursing
Certified Nurse Midwife
APRN who has graduate preparation in nursing, is also educated in midwifery and is certified by the American College of Nurse Midwifes
Encompassing a full range of primary health care services for women
Caregiver
One of the professional responsibilities and roles of a nurse 
Helps patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level of function and independence through the healing process
Promotes healing through both physical and interpersonal skills.
Helps set outcomes and assist them with meeting those outcomes. 
Code of ethics 
Statement of philosophical ideals of right and wrong that defined the principles you will use to provide care to your patients 
Certified Registered Nurse Anesethetist
APRN with advanced education from an accredited nurse anesthesia program
Clinical Nurse Specialist
APRN who has graduate preparation in nursing and an expert clinician in a specialized area of practice
Nurse educator
works primarily in schools of nursing, staff development departments of health care agencies and patient education departments
Nurse Practitioner
APRN who has graduate preparation and provide primary, acute, and specialty health care to patients of all ages and in all types of health care settings
Nurse resarcher
Conducts evidence based practice, performance improvement and research to improve nursing care and further define and expand the scope of nursing practice. Works in an academic setting, hospital or independent professional or community service agency
Nursing
Nursing incorporates the art and science of caring and focuses on the protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing and alleviation of suffering. Through compassionate presence. Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human response and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations, and recognition of the connection of all humanity.
QSEN
Quality and safety in the education of nurses initiative is the commitment of nursing to the competencies outlined in the IOM report related to nursing education. It encompasses 6 competencies:
Patient centered care
Teamwork
Collaboration
Evidence based practice
Quality improvement
Safety
Registered Nurse
In the United States a nurse who has completed a course of study at a state, approved, accredited school of nursing, and has passed the national council licensure examination (NCLEX)
Risk factor
Any internal or external variable that makes the person or group more vulnerable to illness or an unhealthy event 
Rehabilitation
Restoration of an individual to normal or near normal function after a physical or mental illness, injury or chemical addiction
Restorative care
Healthcare settings and services, in which patients who are recovering from illness or disability, receive re-habilitation and supportive care 
Reservoir
Place where micro organisms survive multiply and a wait transfer to a susceptible host 
Acute care
Pattern of healthcare, in which a patient is treated for an acute episode of illness for the sequelae of an accident, or other trauma, or during recovery from surgery
Secondary care and tertiary care usually in urgent cares, hospital ER, highly specialized intensive care, specialty care, ambulatory care, outpatient surgery
Patient advocate
You protect your patient, human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting those rights if the need arises
As an advocate, you act on behalf of your patient, such as safeguarding their care against errors, suggesting alternatives to care, securing your patience, healthcare rights and facilitating, personal and cultural preferences 
Adult day care center
Provides a variety of health and social services to specific patient populations who live alone or with family in the community
Affordable Care Act
In 2010 the affordable care act was passed to create regulations that control costs and improve the availability of insurance
Ties payment to organizations offering Medicare advantage plans to the quality ratings of the coverage they offer
DRG
Diagnosis related group
Classifications based on a hospitalized patient’s primary and secondary medical diagnoses that are used at the basis for establishing Medicare reimbursement for patient care
Discharge planning
Coordinated, inter-professional process that develops a plan for continuing care after a patient leaves a health care agency
Extended care facility
Provides intermediate medical, nursing, or custodial care for patients recovering from acute illness or those with chronic illnesses or disabilities
Includes intermediate care and skilled nursing facilities and some includes long term and assisted living facilities
Home care
Health service provided in the patient’s place of residence to promote, maintain, or restore health, or minimize the effects of illness and disability 
Inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS)
Peanut mechanism for reimbursing hospitals for inpatient healthcare services in which a predetermined rate is that for treatment of specific illnesses 
Medicare
Federally funded national health insurance program in the United States for people over 65 years of age. The program is administered in two parts. Put a provides basic protection against cost of medical surgical and psychiatric hospital care. Part B is a voluntary medical insurance program, financing part from federal funds, and then park from premiums contributed by people in rolled in the program.
Medicaid
State medical assistance to people with low incomes, based on Title XIX (19) of the Social Security act states receiving matching federal funds to provide medical care services to people meeting, categorical and income requirements 
Patient centered care
Concept to improve work efficiency by changing the way that patient care is delivered
Care that is respectful of and responsive to individual. Patient preferences needs and values and ensures that patient values guide all clinical decisions. 
Skilled nursing facility
Intermediate care - it is a extended care facility
Patients receive extensive supportive care until they are able to move back into the community or into residential care. Services include administration of IV fluids, wound care, long term ventilator management and physical rehab.
Telehealth
Use of electronic information and telecommunication technologies to provide care when a patient and health care provider are not in the same place at the same time
Tertiary health care
Specialized consultative care, usually provided on referral from secondary medical personnel
Highly specialized, intensive care, inpatient psychiatric facilities
Acute disease
Usually reversible and has a short duration
Symptoms appear abruptly, are intense and subside after a relatively short period
Chronic disease
Usually lasts more than 6 months, is irreversible and affects functioning in one or more systems
Health
States of complete physical, mental, and social well being not merely the absence of disease
Health Belief Model
Addresses the relationship between a persons beliefs and behaviors 
Health Education
Includes providing information on topics, such as physical awareness, stress management, and self responsibility to enable individuals to improve their health
Health Promotion
Helps individuals maintain or enhance their present help
It motivates people to engage in healthy activities, such as routine exercise and good nutrition to reach more stable levels of health 
Holistic Health Model
Promotes patient’s optimal level of health by considering the dynamic interactions among the emotional, spiritual, social, cultural and physical aspects of an individuals wellness 
Illness
State in which a persons, physical, emotional intellectual, social, developmental or spiritual functioning, is diminished or impaired. It is a feeling of poor health.
A person can feel ill in the presence or absence of a disease 
Illness behavior
People who are ill from a disease generally act in a way that medical sociologists call illness behavior
People often adopt cognitive, effective and behavioral reactions to their diseases that are influenced by sociocultural and psychological factors 
Illness prevention
Activities such as immunization programs in blood pressure, screenings, protect people from actual or potential risks to help
They also help people avoid declines in their level of health or functional ability 
Primary prevention
Its goal is to reduce the incidence of disease
It includes health, education programs and nutritional programs and physical fitness activities 
Secondary prevention
Focuses on preventing the spread of disease, illness or infection once it occurs
Tertiary prevention
Occurs when a defect or disability is permanent an irreversible
Involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability, that interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration
Aerobic
Aerobic bacteria require oxygen for survival and for multiplication sufficient to cause disease
They cause more infections in humans than anaerobic organisms
Anaerobic
Bacteria thrive where little or no free oxygen is available
Anaerobes typically cause infections deep within the pleural cavity, in a joint or in a deep sinus tract.
Asepsis
Absence of germs or microorganisms
Bactericidal
A temperature of chemical that destroys bacteria
Bacteriostasis
Cold temperatures tend to prevent growth and reproduction of bacteria
Colonization
Presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage
Communicable disease
Infectious disease that can be transmitted directly from one person to another
Cough etiquette
Proper way to cough
This is how you can control organisms exiting via the respiratory tract, cover your mouth or nose when coughing and sneezing
Disinfection
Describes a process that eliminates many or all microorganisms with the exception of bacterial spores
Sterile field
Area free of microorganisms that is prepared to receive sterile items
Virulence
Ability to produce disease
Immunocompromised
Has an impaired immune system
Pathogens
Microorganisms capable of producing disease
Infection
Results when a pathogen invades tissues and begins growing within a host
Susceptibility
The state of being influenced or harmed by a particular thing
This depends on an individuals degree of resistance to pathogens
An infection does not develop until an individual becomes susceptible to the strength and numbers of the microorganism
A person’s natural defenses against infection and certain risk factors affect susceptibility
Systemic
An infection that affects the entire body instead of just a single organ
HAIs or Nosocmial infections
Health care associated infections
These result from the delivery or health services in a health care agency
They occur as a result of invasive procedures, antibiotic administration, the presence of multi drug resistant organisms and breaks in infection prevention and control activities
Exogenous infection
Type of HAI
Comes from microorganisms found outside the individual such as Salmonella
They do not exist as normal flora
Endogenous infection
Type of HAI
Occurs when part of the patient’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth occurs such as staphylococci
This often happens when the patient receives broad spectrum antibiotics
Iatrogenic infections
Type of HAI
Caused by an invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedure
Medical asepsis
Procedures used to reduce the number of microorganisms and prevent their spread
Hand hygiene, use of PPE and routine environmental cleaning are examples
Hand hygiene
General term that applies to four techniques
Hand washing
Antiseptic hand wash
Antiseptic hand rub
Surgical hand asepsis
Standard precautions
Designed to be used for the care of all patients, in all settings regardless of risk or presumed infection status
These are the primary strategies for prevention of infection transmission and apply to contact with blood, body fluids, non intact skin, mucous membranes and equipment that is contaiminated
Surgical asepsis
Sterile technique prevents contamination of an open wound, serves to isolate an operative or procedural area from an unsterile environment and maintains a sterile field for surgery
Includes procedures used to eliminate ALL microorganisms including pathogens and spores from an object or area
Vector
An agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organsim
Multi drug resistance organism
Antimicrobial resistance such as in methicillin resistant Stephylococcus and vancomycin resistant enterococcis
This contributes to an HAI (Health care associated infection)
Assisted living
Residential living facilities in which each resident has his or her own room and shares dining and social activity areas
Offers an attractive long term care setting with an environment more like home and greater resident autonomy
