Chapter 1: Nursing Today (Intro WK) Flashcards
What must nurses do in order to be a professional nurse?
1) Critical thinking - nurses have to critically assess the patient head to toe and as they are assessing they need to start making decisions
2) Administer patient centered quality care
3) Be responsible and accountable
Name 2 health care advocacy groups for nursing?
1) Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF): Future Nursing Campaign for action - advocate nurses to practice to their full capacity of their training
2) Institute of Medicine (IOM): Future of Nursing – > they advocate for more autonomy in nursing
Name 3 qualities nursing requires?
1) Current knowledge and practice standards - nurses are continuously learning
2) Insightful and compassionate approach - put yourself in the patient’s shoes
3) Critical thinking
Name Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency?
1) Novice - nursing students
2) Advanced Beginner - When you graduate
3) Competent - you become competent 6 months to 1 year after your graduate it can take up to 3 years
4) Proficient - 4 years after graduation
5) Expert - If you stay in the same specialty for 5 or more years
When did documentation first start in nursing?
1960
What are the standards of professional nursing practice?
It contains authoritative statements of the duties that all RNs regardless of role, population, specialty, setting or APRN are expected to competently perform which is demonstrated by a critical thinking model known as the nursing process
What is the nursing process model?
Nursing process model is the standards of nursing practice. It is the model for clinical decision making and includes all significant actions taken by a nurse in providing care
A.D.O.P.I.E
Assessment
Diagnosis
Outcome identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
What is the standards of professional performance?
It describes a competent level of behavior in the professional nursing role
Define code of ethics
Statement of philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principles you will use to provide care to your patients
What is the definition of nursing according to the ANA (American nurses association)
Definition was created by Dr. Fowler
Nursing is the protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities and populations
What are the professional responsibilities and roles of nurses?
AACCEM
- Autonomy and accountability
- Accountability means that you are responsible professionally
and legally for the type and quality of nursing care provided - Caregiver - Help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and attain a maximum level of function and independence through the healing process. You provide evidence based nursing care to promote healing
- Advocate - You protect your patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. They ensure that the patient’s autonomy and self-determination are respected
- Educator
- Communicator
- Manager
What are advanced practice nurses (APRN)
They are the most independently functioning nurse
1. Clinical Nurse Specialist
2. NP
3. CRNA
4. Certified nurse mid-wife
What are other careers that can be thought of advanced practice but not formally recognized
- Nurse Educator
- Nurse Administrator
- Nurse researcher
Studies have been done to show that there is a direct correlation between care provided by a RN and what?
- positive patient outcomes
- Reduced complication rates
- more rapid return of the patient to optimal function status
How does the historical knowledge of nursing help us understand the profession
It increases your ability to understand the social and intellectual origins of the discipline
Who is Florence Nightingale?
She was the first nurse to look at nursing as a calling - was the first one to really look at nursing as a profession
She organized the first school of nursing
She was the first to recognize infection issues - 1st practicing epidemiologist
She improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals in the Crimean War
She was NOT the first nurse
Clara Barton
Founded the American Red Cross
Dorthea Lynde Dix and Mother Bickerdyke
organized ambulances and hospitals during Civil war
Harriet Tubman
Nursed slaves that escaped as she helped navigate underground railroads
Mary Mahoney
First professionally educated African American nurse/concerned about cultural relationship
Isabel Hampton Robb
Founded American Nurses Association (ANA)
Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster
Opened the Henry Street Settlement
How did nursing change in the 20th century
Nursing moved towards scientific research based practice and defined body of knowledge. The roles of nurses expanded and advanced. In the 1920’s specialization started. In the 1990’s ANA established center for ethics and Human rights
Mary Adelaide Nutting
First nursing professor at Columbia’s Teacher’s college in 1906 (20th century)
Which century did nursing start to become more formalized
20th century
When did the Army and Navy Corps get established
20th century - 1906
How did nursing change in the 21st century
- Advances in technology and informatics required nurses to have a strong and current knowledge base
- Last Acts Campaign started - refers to advanced directives
- End of Life care was added to the curriculum in the 2000s
When did education on end of life care begin
21st century
What are external factors or contemporary influences on nursing
- importance of nurse’s self care
- Health care reform and costs
- Demographic changes
- Medically underserved and unhoused
What are the trends in nursing
- Everything is about evidence based practice
- Quality and safety education for Nurses (QSEN)
- Impact of emerging technologies - provides more accurate, noninvasive assessment tools
- Genomics
- Public perception of nursing
- impact of nursing on politics and health policy
What is Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)
Purpose is to regulate scope of nursing and protect public health, safety and welfare
What is the purpose of professional and specialty nursing organizations
Professional organizations address member concerns, present educational programs, publish journals. Specialty nursing organizations improve the standards of practice, expand nursing roles, and foster the welfare of nurses within the specialty areas
Name 2 student organizations
National Student Nurses Association (NSNA)
Canadian Student Nurses Association (CSNA)
Certified Nurse Specialists may be identified by
- population (i.e. Geriatrics)
- Setting (i.e. Critical care)
- Disease Specialty ( i.e. diabetes)
- Type of Care (i.e. rehab)
- Type of problem (i.e. pain)
Health care reform will bring changes in the emphasis of care. What model is expected from health care reform
Moving from an acute illness to a health promotion and illness prevention. There is greater emphasis on health promotion, disease
prevention, and management of illness
Define patient centered care according to QSEN
Recognize the patient or designee as the source of control and pull partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for the patient’s preferences, values and needs
Define teamwork and collaboration according to QSEN
Function effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision making to achieve high quality patient care
Define evidence based practice according to QSEN
Integrate best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient family preferences and values for delivery of optimal healthcare. Uses new research based intervention
Define quality improvement according to QSEN
use data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and use improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve and the quality and safety of healthcare system
Define Safety according to QSEN
Minimize risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance
Define informatics according to QSEN
Use information and technology to communicate manage knowledge mitigate error and support decision-making
