Chapter 1: Nursing Today (Intro WK)

Question 1

What must nurses do in order to be a professional nurse?

Answer 1

1) Critical thinking - nurses have to critically assess the patient head to toe and as they are assessing they need to start making decisions

2) Administer patient centered quality care

3) Be responsible and accountable

Question 2

Name 2 health care advocacy groups for nursing?

Answer 2

1) Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF): Future Nursing Campaign for action - advocate nurses to practice to their full capacity of their training

2) Institute of Medicine (IOM): Future of Nursing – > they advocate for more autonomy in nursing

Question 3

Name 3 qualities nursing requires?

Answer 3

1) Current knowledge and practice standards - nurses are continuously learning
2) Insightful and compassionate approach - put yourself in the patient’s shoes
3) Critical thinking

Question 4

Name Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency?

Answer 4

1) Novice - nursing students
2) Advanced Beginner - When you graduate
3) Competent - you become competent 6 months to 1 year after your graduate it can take up to 3 years
4) Proficient - 4 years after graduation
5) Expert - If you stay in the same specialty for 5 or more years

Question 5

When did documentation first start in nursing?

Answer 5

1960

Question 6

What are the standards of professional nursing practice?

Answer 6

It contains authoritative statements of the duties that all RNs regardless of role, population, specialty, setting or APRN are expected to competently perform which is demonstrated by a critical thinking model known as the nursing process

Question 7

What is the nursing process model?

Answer 7

Nursing process model is the standards of nursing practice. It is the model for clinical decision making and includes all significant actions taken by a nurse in providing care
A.D.O.P.I.E
Assessment
Diagnosis
Outcome identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation

Question 8

What is the standards of professional performance?

Answer 8

It describes a competent level of behavior in the professional nursing role

Question 9

Define code of ethics

Answer 9

Statement of philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principles you will use to provide care to your patients

Question 10

What is the definition of nursing according to the ANA (American nurses association)

Answer 10

Definition was created by Dr. Fowler
Nursing is the protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities and populations

Question 11

What are the professional responsibilities and roles of nurses?

Answer 11

AACCEM

1. Autonomy and accountability
   - Accountability means that you are responsible professionally
   and legally for the type and quality of nursing care provided
2. Caregiver - Help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and attain a maximum level of function and independence through the healing process. You provide evidence based nursing care to promote healing
3. Advocate - You protect your patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. They ensure that the patient’s autonomy and self-determination are respected
4. Educator
5. Communicator
6. Manager

Question 12

What are advanced practice nurses (APRN)

Answer 12

They are the most independently functioning nurse
1. Clinical Nurse Specialist
2. NP
3. CRNA
4. Certified nurse mid-wife

Question 13

What are other careers that can be thought of advanced practice but not formally recognized

Answer 13

1. Nurse Educator
2. Nurse Administrator
3. Nurse researcher

Question 14

Studies have been done to show that there is a direct correlation between care provided by a RN and what?

Answer 14

• positive patient outcomes
• Reduced complication rates
• more rapid return of the patient to optimal function status

Question 15

How does the historical knowledge of nursing help us understand the profession

Answer 15

It increases your ability to understand the social and intellectual origins of the discipline

Question 16

Who is Florence Nightingale?

Answer 16

She was the first nurse to look at nursing as a calling - was the first one to really look at nursing as a profession
She organized the first school of nursing
She was the first to recognize infection issues - 1st practicing epidemiologist
She improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals in the Crimean War
She was NOT the first nurse

Question 17

Clara Barton

Answer 17

Founded the American Red Cross

Question 18

Dorthea Lynde Dix and Mother Bickerdyke

Answer 18

organized ambulances and hospitals during Civil war

Question 19

Harriet Tubman

Answer 19

Nursed slaves that escaped as she helped navigate underground railroads

Question 20

Mary Mahoney

Answer 20

First professionally educated African American nurse/concerned about cultural relationship

Question 21

Isabel Hampton Robb

Answer 21

Founded American Nurses Association (ANA)

Question 22

Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster

Answer 22

Opened the Henry Street Settlement

Question 23

How did nursing change in the 20th century

Answer 23

Nursing moved towards scientific research based practice and defined body of knowledge. The roles of nurses expanded and advanced. In the 1920’s specialization started. In the 1990’s ANA established center for ethics and Human rights

Question 24

Mary Adelaide Nutting

Answer 24

First nursing professor at Columbia’s Teacher’s college in 1906 (20th century)

Question 25

Which century did nursing start to become more formalized

Answer 25

20th century

Question 26

When did the Army and Navy Corps get established

Answer 26

20th century - 1906

Question 27

How did nursing change in the 21st century

Answer 27

• Advances in technology and informatics required nurses to have a strong and current knowledge base
• Last Acts Campaign started - refers to advanced directives
• End of Life care was added to the curriculum in the 2000s

Question 28

When did education on end of life care begin

Answer 28

21st century

Question 29

What are external factors or contemporary influences on nursing

Answer 29

• importance of nurse’s self care
• Health care reform and costs
• Demographic changes
• Medically underserved and unhoused

Question 30

What are the trends in nursing

Answer 30

• Everything is about evidence based practice
• Quality and safety education for Nurses (QSEN)
• Impact of emerging technologies - provides more accurate, noninvasive assessment tools
• Genomics
• Public perception of nursing
• impact of nursing on politics and health policy

Question 31

What is Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)

Answer 31

Purpose is to regulate scope of nursing and protect public health, safety and welfare

Question 32

What is the purpose of professional and specialty nursing organizations

Answer 32

Professional organizations address member concerns, present educational programs, publish journals. Specialty nursing organizations improve the standards of practice, expand nursing roles, and foster the welfare of nurses within the specialty areas

Question 33

Name 2 student organizations

Answer 33

National Student Nurses Association (NSNA)
Canadian Student Nurses Association (CSNA)

Question 34

Certified Nurse Specialists may be identified by

Answer 34

• population (i.e. Geriatrics)
• Setting (i.e. Critical care)
• Disease Specialty ( i.e. diabetes)
• Type of Care (i.e. rehab)
• Type of problem (i.e. pain)

Question 35

Health care reform will bring changes in the emphasis of care. What model is expected from health care reform

Answer 35

Moving from an acute illness to a health promotion and illness prevention. There is greater emphasis on health promotion, disease
prevention, and management of illness

Question 36

Define patient centered care according to QSEN

Answer 36

Recognize the patient or designee as the source of control and pull partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for the patient’s preferences, values and needs

Question 37

Define teamwork and collaboration according to QSEN

Answer 37

Function effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision making to achieve high quality patient care

Question 38

Define evidence based practice according to QSEN

Answer 38

Integrate best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient family preferences and values for delivery of optimal healthcare. Uses new research based intervention

Question 39

Define quality improvement according to QSEN

Answer 39

use data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and use improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve and the quality and safety of healthcare system

Question 40

Define Safety according to QSEN

Answer 40

Minimize risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance

Question 41

Define informatics according to QSEN

Answer 41

Use information and technology to communicate manage knowledge mitigate error and support decision-making