Vocab 3.2

Question 1

Anaphase

Answer 1

The phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers begin to shorten, separating the sister chromatids and pulling them to opposite ends of the cell

Question 2

Binary fission

Answer 2

A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size

Question 3

Cancer

Answer 3

Proliferation of cells caused by uncontrolled cell division as a result of disruptions to the cell cycle; disruptions may be caused by environmental factors

Question 4

Cell cycle

Answer 4

The process by which cells grow and divide to produce more cells

Question 5

Cell division

Answer 5

Process by which the cell divides into two identical daughter cells through mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 6

Centriole

Answer 6

An organelle in animal cells that develops spindle fibers during mitosis

Question 7

Checkpoints

Answer 7

Points in the cell cycle at which the
progress of the cell is checked before moving forward to the next stage to prevent faulty or damaged cells from dividing

Question 8

Chromatin

Answer 8

Loosely coiled DNA and histones (proteins) observed in cells that are in Interphase

Question 9

Chromosomes

Answer 9

Condensed chromatin; a threadlike
structure of DNA and protein observed
in cells that are undergoing cell division

Question 10

Cyclins

Answer 10

Regulatory proteins that control the progression of the cell cycle

Question 11

Cytokinesis

Answer 11

The phase of the cell cycle in which the plasma membrane begins to cleave the cytoplasm into two separate but identical
cells

Question 12

Interphase

Answer 12

The longest phase of the cell cycle, in
which the cell will grow larger and replicate its DNA in order to prepare for cell
division

Question 13

Metaphase

Answer 13

The phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell (the metaphase plate)

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

The phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle in which the nucleus divides into two nuclei containing identical sets of DNA

Question 15

Nuclear membrane

Answer 15

The membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and contains the
DNA

Question 16

PMAT

Answer 16

An acronym for the four phases of mitosis in order

Question 17

Prophase

Answer 17

The first phase of mitosis, in which chromosomes condense, the nuclear membrane dissolves, the centrosomes move to opposite ends of the nucleus, and spindle fibers form

Question 18

Somatic cell

Answer 18

Any cell of a living organism other
than reproductive cells; body cells (nerve cells, skin cells, bone cells, etc.)

Question 19

Spindle fibers

Answer 19

A network of filaments that help with the movement of chromosomes during mitosis

Question 20

Telophase

Answer 20

The phase of mitosis in which the genetic material has been separated and the nuclear membrane begins to re-form to create two separate but identical nuclei