7.2 Flashcards
The study of the past and present geographical distribution of
species
Biogeography
A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms based on shared traits.
Cladogram
The study of the similarities and differences in the stages of embryonic development among different species, with the similarities
indicating common ancestry.
Comparative embryology
Process by which unrelated organisms evolve anatomical similarities when adapting to similar environments.
Convergent evolution
Similarities between organisms of different species during early
embryologic development which indicates common ancestry
Developmental homologies
Evolution of closely related species into different species, resulting
from adaptations to different environmental conditions.
Divergent evolution
Examination of the similarities and differences in DNA sequences
between different species of organisms, with the similarities indicating more recent common ancestry.
DNA comparisons
A multicellular diploid eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of fertilization until birth, hatching, or germination
Embryo
A form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are
separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water
Geographic isolation
A record of the entire genome (all the DNA) of an organism
Genome map
An experiment that simulated the conditions of early pre-biotic
Earth’s atmosphere and oceans determined that biomolecules could be synthesized under those conditions, and is used as evidence that life originated from chemistry
Miller-Urey Experiment
The study of similarities and differences in DNA sequences and
amino acid sequences of organisms to determine relatedness.
Molecular homologies
A hypothesis stating that life on Earth originated from non-living
biomolecules which evolved gradually through chemical evolution.
Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis
A hypothetical supercontinent in which all the land continents were
connected
Pangaea
Diagram showing evolutionary relationships of organisms sharing
a common ancestor, often derived from DNA comparisons and
often indicating time spans between branchings.
Phylogenetic tree
A hypothesis stating that life on Earth began with a simple RNA
molecule that could copy itself.
RNA World Hypothesis
